Chestnut: Grafting Management and Deworming Catch Spring Do Not Relax
Grafting method Professor Kong said that chestnut grafting methods are many, but the most commonly used in production are the following: (1) bare dry grafting Cut 70 to 80 cm above the interface, cut the skin in the smooth part of the rootstock, peel away the moisturizing part above the interface (called bare skin), insert the scion into the cortex, and pack it tightly. In this method, after the scion survives, the new shoots are tied to the live pillars above the interface, without additional windproof pillars, the above interface does not need to eliminate the sprouting, save labor, and has a high survival rate. (2) Barrier plug inserted That is to say, the head of the rootstock is cut off from the light bone, and the cut scion is inserted into the rootstock, and the cutting surface is exposed to 1 to 2 centimeters to facilitate the wound closure and then tightly wrapped in plastic strips. This method is fast and the growth of new shoots is large, but it is prone to wind deflection and must be supported. In addition, the smaller ageing rootstock trees with lower interfaces are grafted using this method. Once the scion is not alive, the rootstocks are often killed. (3) skinned abdominal connection This law applies the "happy, pull branches, carved buds early Feng technology" chestnut garden. It can avoid significant loss of the grafted trees during the period of injury, avoid the occurrence of severe wind-breaking branches, reduce the amount of work, and save time; reduce the consumption of nutrients and promote the growth of the main collaterals; the interface healing is better. Before grafting, prune the rootstocks and prune them. The main branch of the saplings is 50 centimeters away from the center pole. Leave one side branch and use as a pillar. The main branch lateral branches are cut into a dragon, not blocking head (head, slow flow of sap, grafting late, the survival rate is reduced), other branches are all cut off to prepare for grafting; large trees choose a good grafting position, pruning, Remove unused branches and reduce nutrient consumption. (4) Shearing This method is mainly used for annual seedlings in nurseries, cut the rootstock from 3 to 5 centimeters above the ground, cut a cut at a cut angle of 35 degrees, cut the scion into small and large surfaces, and scion a large incline of 1.5 to 2 centimeters. The small incline 1 to 1.5 cm, then insert the cut scion into the cut of the rootstock. The formation layer of the scion and the rootstock formation layer must be aligned and then tightly packed in plastic. (5) connection Suitable for grafting when the rootstock is thick or not peeled. Cut the anvil at a 5 to 10cm smooth surface of the rootstock from the rootstock, flatten the cut, cut it straight from the center of the cut with a knife, and cut both sides of the lower end of the scion. A 3.5 to 5 cm wedge is inserted into the mouth and aligned with the forming layer, and the interface is sealed with a plastic film (wax seal scion). Understanding the method of grafting in the spring, Professor Kong continues to remind everyone to seize the right time to complete the grafting, and ensure that the survival rate is as important as the scientific method of grafting. Therefore, we must not only understand the significance of timing for chestnut tree grafting, but also accurately use it. (1) Opportunity to facilitate life The most suitable period for grafting is when the rootstock sprouts before sprouting or when the peach blooms. At this time, the temperature rises, the sap flows, active layers are formed, bark peels easily, and the survival rate of grafting is high. If the grafting is too early and the temperature is low, the scion is exposed to the outside for a long time, affecting the survival rate. When the grafting time is too late, the rootstock has been leafed. At this time, the temperature is high. Although the grafted interface healed quickly and the survival rate is high, the rootstock consumes a lot of nutrition when the leaves are displayed. After the scions survive, the growth is small, the branches are weak, and the result is late. (2) Optimum when peach blossoms From the perspective of actual grafting operation, the best phenological period for chestnut grafting is when the temperature is stable at 10°C. Generally, the peach blossoms have been in full bloom during this period. At this time, the increased temperature will help the sap flow, formation activity, and higher graft survival rate. As far as the mountainous region of chestnut is commonly cultivated in our province, the best period for chestnut grafting and nursery is in April and mid-April. The rootstock and scion are full of vitality, and the temperature is already between 10 and 20°C if the humidity reaches 80. More than % is better, choose 2 to 3 days of fine weather for grafting, the survival rate is high, seedling growth period is strong, the rate of nursery is high, and the economic benefit is also good. Several farmers who have planted chestnut trees report that their own chestnuts are later than other people's homes, and they have fewer branches and low yields. In response to this situation, Professor Kong specially introduced the techniques for ensuring rapid, high-yielding, high-yielding shoots, buds and buds of Chinese chestnut young trees. (1) Lazhi In the first half of April, branches were grafted on shoots (1.5 cm or more) that grew stronger last year. Pull branch method: Different nails are 5 to 6 stakes around the canopy, the strong branches are drawn to 75-80 with wire; the contact between the wire and the branches is separated by a padding to prevent the wire from breaking the branches. (2) budding buds On the back of the branches, the buds are treated every 25 to 30 centimeters with full shoots. The depth of the cuts is appropriate to cut the phloem of the shoots with a saw. Do not damage the xylem so that the shoots will not break. (3) Stubble During the period of bud enlargement, the weak buds are erased. Each bud of 25-30 cm leaves one big bud, which erases all the weak buds. The remaining buds are full of nutrients. By budding buds, the yield is generally 1.5 to 2.0 kg. 100-150 kilograms per mu, truly one-year grafting, two years of high yield. Pest control Kong said that in terms of chestnut production in our province, the impact of pests on chestnut quality and yield is much greater than that of disease. Among these insect pests, there are only a few of the most common ones known in recent years. (1) Typical pests Insect pests are one of the main factors that affect the quality and yield of chestnuts. When the pests are severe, they can reduce the yield by as much as 30% to 50%. It is even more difficult to calculate the impact on chestnut fruit quality. As far as our province is concerned, the pests and diseases that mainly harm chestnut production include peach aphid, red spider, and peach borer. Myzus persicae: The larvae feed on the fruit of chestnut, and the insects in the seeds accumulate, which is untenable and causes fruit drop, which has a great influence on the yield and quality. The host also has peach, plum, pear fruit, sunflower disk, corn stalks and so on. Red spider: Chinese chestnut Red spider can occur for many generations a year. It is dominated by ovum on branches from 1 to 4 years old. It is mostly distributed in leaf scars, rough skin gaps, and branching branches. To endanger the use of leaf sap, spider mite damage time is high temperature summer, but the timing of the prevention should start from the spring. Peach borer: Commonly known as “heartwormâ€, it took 1 to 3 generations in Hebei in 1 year. The worm began to overwinter adult during the harvest period. On the surface of the victim's fruit, pinholes of the size of the needle appear, and they also rush into the fruit to cause harm, resulting in crooked and crooked insect paths. Insects stay in fruit. After fruit damage, poor growth and development. (2) Effective prevention and control Spring is the best time to control the chestnut pests. The main control methods: Thoroughly clean the chestnut plantation park: clean the fallen leaves, chestnuts, and chestnuts in the park, and concentrate them on the sides of the ditch or under the slope for burning, and deepen the ash to reduce the source of pathogenic insects; Cut off the diseased branches: In conjunction with the pruning and shaping of the young trees, cut off the dried and dead branches, diseased and diseased branches, lychee branches, thin and weak branches, and useless branches of the chestnut trees and take them home as firewood to reduce the damage of the chestnut beetle bees. Scrape the bark and spray the agent: scrape the bark of the eggs. Apply lime to a height of 1 meter in the tree trunk or coat with dimethoate 5 times to eliminate overwintering larvae; The soil within a radius of 1 meter around the tree was topped to destroy the living environment of the overwintering larvae; sprayed with commonly used insecticides such as 40% dimethoate EC 1500-2000 times. After spreading the leaves, whether or not you see pests, you should use avermectin 2000 to 2500 times to spray leaves, branches and trunks once, which can effectively prevent and control chestnut spider mite diseases. Planting attracting plants: During the period from the end of May to the beginning of June, some sunflowers or corn were planted near chestnut trees, and pests such as peach aphids and other pests like sunflowers and corn were used to kill pests. This method can greatly reduce the use of pesticides in July and August. Sunflowers or corn grown for the purpose of attracting insect pests must be burned in a timely manner after maturation, so as to avoid the spread of insect pests on the eggs attached thereto and damage the fruit trees. Ophthalmology Drape,Surgery Ophthalmology Drape,Disposable Ophthalmology Drape,Ophthalmology Surgery Eye Drape Xinxiang Huaxi Sanitary Materials Co., Ltd. , https://www.huaximedical.com
Grafting period
Branch management