Pouch bean characteristics and cultivation measures
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The purse-beans are named after their large purse and full-grown seeds. The pods are hardened when young and cannot be eaten. Fresh or mature seeds can be eaten, and are rich in nutrients, which are beneficial to urinary excretion and dampness. Fresh beans are tender and sweet. In recent years, due to the popularity of green food, poached beans have gradually become a famous dish for restaurants and restaurants, and supply exceeds supply. The mature seeds of purse beans are not easily degraded after being stored in the sun for 1-2 years. The dried grains are cooked in the autoclave for 3-5 minutes before being braised. The flavor is the same as that of the fresh beans, and the adjustable seasoning vegetable market is off-season.
Features
The purse-beans that are eaten are mainly large-grained (large kidney bean) and small-grained (small kidney bean) varieties, each of which has a creeping type and a dwarf type. In southern China, the main cultivation is good quality, Scabs need to be provided with scaffolding-type large-grained species. The large-grained purse bean has a well-developed root system, strong plant growth, multiple branches, a larger compound leaf, broad-leaved lanceolate leaves, thick and tough leaves, dark green color, and a vine length of more than 4 meters. The flowers are large and slightly curved. They are 8-15 cm long and 2-3 cm wide. The seeds are large, flat and kidney type. Fresh seed coats are white, light green, light gray and many other colors, with radial or irregular pink stripes or light brown markings. Dried seeds weighing 12-13 kg. Seed germination power can be maintained for 3 to 8 years under suitable storage conditions.
Cultivation environment
??1, temperature. In tropical areas where Pocky bean originates, the growth environment temperature is required to be between 16-35°C. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 20-30 °C. Under suitable temperature conditions, one planting can be harvested for 3 to 5 years, and spring, summer and autumn continue flowering and scabbing and continuous harvesting. In winter, the temperature is low (below 12°C), the whole plant is deciduous, and it grows again in early spring. From sowing to flowering and seed maturation, it takes about 80-120 days.
??2, soil conditions. Pouch bean has strong adaptability to soil. If soil is loose and fertile, sandy loam soil with good drainage and irrigation conditions is cultivated, with early maturity, high yield, and good quality. Planted on the side of the village house, with old tanks or bamboo baskets, piled with fertilizer, and then planted on the scaffolding, can also get high quality and high yield.
??3, fertilizer and moisture. The root system of purse bean is relatively developed and the plant grows vigorously, requiring more nitrogen fertilizer. The basal fertilizer is best to use a pile of farmyard maturity fertilizer, top dressing is best to use dilute human excrement, once harvested, chase once fat. The purse-beans are hi wet, but they are afraid of picking. Usually, it is required to keep the soil moist. When drought occurs, water should be diligently applied, but do not flood it.
??Cultivation Techniques
In the south, poached beans are mainly cultivated in open fields. Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other provinces and regions, generally sown in February-March. In Central China or East China, planted in March-April. Such as the use of nutrient cup seedlings, can emerge 10 to 15 days earlier. About 90 days after sowing, the first batch of fresh beans can be harvested.
??1, transplanting seedlings.
Selection of species. The seeds of poached beans used for seeding are required to be large, full, and free of pests and diseases. Seeds that have been stored for more than two years have weaker germination potential and should generally not be used. The size of the purse bean is large and the grain weight is large. The amount per unit area is more, and the large grain seed is generally about 75 kg per mu, and the small seed is about 4 kg.
?? nursery. For large-scale cultivation, it is necessary to plant seedlings for seedlings and then transplant them to Daejeon. To mention the city in the morning, it is better to use a plastic greenhouse or a small shed to grow seedlings in a nutrition cup. After the weather warms up, transplant it to Daejeon and harvest it 10-15 days earlier. Sporadic planting in the courtyard or on the side of the house can be carried out in a live broadcast method, with 3-5 seeds per hole and scaffolding after emergence.
Colonization. The seedlings grow a pair of true leaves and planted in the field when the weather warms up. Before the planting, we must make a good site, starting from the flat, about 100 centimeters wide, two lines of double or double rows of 3 plants, spacing 60-70 cm, spacing 30 cm. Open a row or open a hole, apply enough basal fertilizer and mix fertilizer with soil and soil and plant it. When planting, cut the nutrition cup and allow the root system to be in contact with the soil directly. The available bamboo or waste water tank filled with fertilizer and mud can be planted in the courtyard or at the corner of the house.
?? The purse-stringed beans grown in the South are mostly creeping species and must be erected after planting. For large-scale planting, the brackets can be adult-shaped, and there is sufficient light and ventilation between the rakes and rakes to facilitate management and harvesting. Pouchling seedlings will naturally climb onto shelves when they grow to 30-50 cm, and sometimes they should be supported by artificial means. Sporadic planting, can take flat. The form of the stand is similar to that of the grape stand. The size of the rack depends on the number of plants planted. Generally, each plant needs an area of ​​about 1 square meter. The height of the stand is about 2 meters, and it is advisable to walk freely under the stand and to facilitate harvesting.
??2, fertilizer management. The purse-beans do not have a high demand for fertilizer and water conditions, but fertilization requires good timing. It is generally dominated by thin excrement water, applied once when the compound leaves appear, and applied one or two times after flowering and podging. Be careful to prevent stains. Before flowering, pay attention to controlling the moisture, do not apply too much dense fertilizer, otherwise it is easy to cause falling. After purse-bean cultivation, as long as the temperature is appropriate, flowering and scabbing will occur all year round, and once harvested, the fertilizing materials should be timely recovered and the soil should be properly moistened. For large-scale production, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be properly matched, with phosphorus and potash fertilizers as the main, supplemented by nitrogen fertilizer, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 1:15:15. For convenience of calculation, each vine can apply 15 kg of urea, 25 kg of superphosphate and potassium sulfate each time, and the effect of showering after dilution is better.
Harvest processing
1, harvest. When the seeds in the fruit pods are fully expanded, the surface of the fruit pods becomes pale yellow, and the water content is less. When the seeds are in a semi-dry state, they can be harvested. For dry storage or for seed use, after the end of August, choose to keep the large grains full, until the clam shells dry, and harvest when the seeds are fully mature. There are many fresh sorghum fibers and they are generally not used for fresh food. If the seeds are used for fresh food, they should be timely harvested to promote the growth and development of the next batch of soybean meal and increase production. Higher production levels can produce 1000-1500 kilograms of fresh beans or 100-200 kilograms of dried beans per acre.
?? 2, processing. Processing can be handled separately depending on the application. Fresh beans can be marketed after harvested and shelled at a certain degree of maturity according to market requirements. In some urban areas of Guangxi's northern Guangxi region, fresh beans cost up to 4-6 yuan per kilogram. After harvesting dried beans, dry them properly to allow the crackling of the pods to occur naturally. When the sound of the seeds is relatively crisp, they can be stored. The storage methods are basically the same as those of soybeans, broad beans, etc. For use as a seed, it can be packed in a cloth bag and placed in a tile oven for drying and rat-proofing. Do not seal it with a plastic bag, otherwise it will affect the germination rate.
