Key measures to increase egg production rate of egg breeders
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Advances in body shape development and control of laying hens breeding technology have significantly improved the production performance of laying hens, specifically in terms of sexual maturity ahead of time, long egg production peak, high yield per bird, high feed conversion rates. In actual production, in order to make full use of its production performance, it is necessary to grasp the key aspect of body development and strengthen the feeding management to make it have a good shape and lay a solid foundation for high yield. The influence of the body development characteristics of egg breeder on the performance of production measures the body shape development standards of egg breeders. Skeletons are the first limiting factor, and body weight is the second limiting factor. In the production, the length and body weight of the breeder are used as specific indicators. The growth rate of chicken's bones and body weight is different. The bones grow rapidly within 10 weeks. Skeletons of 8 weeks old chicks have been completed 75%, and 12 weeks old have completed more than 90%, while the weight reaches the highest point at 36 weeks old. The development of body shape has a direct impact on the production performance. For birds with long-term weight and lighter weight, the egg weight is small at the early stage of laying, and the egg production rate rises slowly. In the case of egg production or severe prolapse of the anus, the rate of death is high. If both the length and weight are not up to the standard, it means that the brooding has failed to grow and the production time is extended. From 1 to 2 weeks may be postponed for production, and 3 to 3 may be postponed. In 4 weeks, the egg production peaks of egg breeders were not up to standard, so that the production volume was reduced and the hatching plan could not be arranged, which had a great impact on economic efficiency. Management measures for body shape development and control According to the developmental characteristics of body shape, it is necessary to focus on the growth of pupal growth before 8 weeks of age and the growth of pupal length and body weight of 8-12 weeks in the rearing management, in an effort to make the pecking length of the flock evener. More than 90%, weight uniformity of more than 80%. High-nutrient brooding chicks have rapid growth and metabolism, but they have small stomach volume and low digestibility. They are often affected by stress changes such as temperature changes, immunity, medication, and severe rickets, affecting feed intake and body shape development. Therefore, in the early brooding period (0-4 weeks old), the diet should be carefully prepared so that the actual dietary nutrient level reaches 12.5 to 12.9 MJ/kg, crude protein 20% to 22%, methionine 0.45%, and sulfur. Amino acid 0.8%, lysine 1.15%, and to ensure the supply of calcium, phosphorus and other mineral trace elements and a variety of vitamins. This not only helps the chicks to form a good skeletal system, but also contributes to the formation of an effective immune system and promotes the growth of feathers so that the length and weight of the chicks can reach the standard in advance. The results of raising the Hyland parent breeder chicken at the Qingdao State-owned May 4th Farm are: 58-mm 4-week-old pupa, 72-mm 6-week old (standard 63 mm), and 389 gram (standard 390 g), 14 Zhou Ling is 98 mm long. By the age of 18 weeks, the longevity uniformity was 98% and the weight uniformity was 83%. At the same time, according to the author's observation, when the high-nutrition brood is used at the age of 5 weeks, the villus of the chicks is almost completely replaced with feathers, which is nearly one week earlier than the conventional feeding method. Timely clustering and timely adjustment of nutrition levels According to the chick's body development characteristics and changes in body structure, it is best to perform clustering three times at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12-16 weeks of age. The specific method is to pick out birds that are less than 10% of the average body weight at the age of 4 weeks, pick out birds that are less than or higher than 10% of the standard body weight at the age of 8 weeks and 12-16 weeks, and feed them individually. For chickens with a 4 week old body weight value below 10% of the average value, feeding to the early brooding feed until 8 weeks of age, other chickens can be exchanged for the late brooding period, and the actual nutritional level requirement is not lower than the metabolic energy of 11.9 megajoules. / kg, crude protein 19%, methionine 0.42%, lysine 1.10%, other nutrients unchanged, fed to 8-10 weeks of age. If 4-5 weeks of age use high-nutrition brooding, generally 8 weeks of age, the pod can reach the standard, or even exceed the standard. At this time, young chickens that are overweight should be immediately replaced with young chicken feed. The metabolism of the diet can be reduced by 44 kcal/kg, and the number of feeds or feeds can also be reduced, or 500 g per ton of feed can be added. Dilute until the weight meets the criteria. For birds whose body weight is not up to standard, continue feeding until the 10th week of brooding, but no later than 12 weeks of age, and increase the amount of multivitamin. For the group management of 8-12 weeks old chickens, Prof. Shan Chonghao proposed a graded management method, that is, for chickens with long-standing and excessive standards and excessive weight, reducing the amount of feeding (5 grams each time) or using young chickens Material, metabolic energy reduced by 44 kcal/kg. The closed chicken house was exposed to intermittent light (opened for 15 minutes and turned off for 45 minutes), so that the chicken naturally reduced feed intake. If the temperature is adjusted automatically, the temperature can be increased by 1°C-2°C, and the feeding amount can be reduced by 2-4 grams. The number of feedings can also be reduced, for example, 1 feeding a day, 5 grams less, or feeding. 7 days for 1 day, choline chloride 500 g/ton was added to the feed. For chickens with long-standing and unqualified birds, feeding broodstock or adding 1% crude protein, or adding 2% fat, add 7 days for 7 days. For chickens whose length is lower than the standard and whose weight exceeds the standard, use brooding material at the end of the period to increase multidimensional factors, plus 500 g/ton of choline chloride, and reduce the metabolizable energy of 44 kcal/kg. For flock length and weight lower than the standard, the flock was fed with the pre-broodstock feed for 2 weeks, and then changed to the post-broodstock feed, according to the breed's feeding guidelines (manuals) for management. Egg feeding research data proves that the growth period of reserved hens (14-20 weeks old) is the most sensitive to dietary energy concentration. Therefore, for 12-16 weeks old body weight that does not meet the standard, an effective measure to regulate its growth is to adjust energy. Ingestion; When the body weight exceeds the standard, increase the daily metabolic energy level, and add 0.5% -2% oil in the diet. Regulation of controlled maturation maturation is achieved by post-bred maturation and in conjunction with appropriate lighting protocols. When the body weight is up to standard, the lowest levels of metabolizable energy and crude protein are given to the 14-16-week-old chicken, which plays an important role in preventing the premature birth of the hen and increasing the initial egg weight. “Pre-feeding†(or “sex-feedingâ€) is also a new method of delaying maturation and increasing early egg weight. That is, when the chicken population reaches 10% of the egg production rate, the material is continuously drained for 5 days. Hyland Company's test results with Hyland w-36 laying hens showed that in the first half of the test period (18-25 weeks old), the average egg weight increased by 0.7-1.5 g, and by feeding day, there were two less for each chicken. egg. The author conducted this test (18-68 weeks old) on Hassex. As a result, the date of opening the production was delayed by 15 days. Each of the 13 productive eggs had an average egg weight of 1.1 grams and the initial egg weight increased by 5.8 grams. Therefore, pre-harvest feeding technology is generally welcomed by breeders. Illumination is very important for sexual maturity. The result of extended lighting is that sexual maturity is advanced, and shortening is mature. Different lighting schemes have a significant impact on sexual maturity. For open-type houses using natural light, in order to avoid prolonged natural light after 12 weeks of age, the longest sunshine duration from 0 to 20 weeks is often used as a constant light time, or combined with natural light that gradually decreases after 12 weeks of age. In order to control the sexual maturity of the chicken. However, premature birth may occur if the light is not less than 13 hours in the late gestation (14-20 weeks old). Therefore, light stimulation should be performed according to the specific circumstances. First, the body weight is suitable for opening weight; Second, the natural egg production rate reaches 5%; Third, the light-type layer chickens have not seen eggs until 20 weeks of age. At the beginning of the light stimulation, the parent material should be converted into the pre-production material (containing 2% calcium) or high-producing egg material in time to meet the nutritional needs of the egg production. In short, as far as modern modern laying hen breeds are concerned, it is no longer a matter of brooding, breeding stage, and nutritional adjustment based on the age or age of the broiler. Instead, it is based on the degree of body development. It is mainly weight. Therefore, in the breeding process, we must constantly measure the weight and length (at least once every 2 weeks, each time the number of chickens with a proportion of no less than 5% of the weight of each group), monitor the body shape development, timely adjustment, must not be taken lightly, In order to avoid good performance is difficult to give full play.