One of the keys to the success or failure of selection of Chinese cabbage in spring cabbage cultivation is to use varieties with strong winter, late bolting, cold-tolerant and high yield. For example, April slow, late black leaf and spring water cabbage are all suitable for spring cultivation. Excellent varieties. Film cold-resistant seedlings, cultivate spring tender seedlings Spring cabbage seed germination in the event of low temperatures, it will be through the vernalization stage and early convulsions, resulting in production losses. During the nursery period, if the temperature is relatively low, small arch shelters covered with plastic film can be used to nurse the seedlings, so as to protect the seedlings from heat and cold. Applying basal fertilizer, sorghum cultivation of spring cabbage during the rainy days of growth, is not conducive to the growth of cabbage. Therefore, we should choose a well-drained sandy loam, after the harvest of the former crops, promptly turn to the sun, per acre Shi cooked pig cow manure 1000 to 1500 kilograms, compound fertilizer 10 kilograms as base fertilizer. After the site preparation, a sorghum was built to facilitate drainage. The average width of 1.7 to 2 meters wide, ditch depth of about 30 cm. When planting, good seedlings should be planted so that the plants grow neatly and uniformly after planting. Plant spacing should be 20-25 cm square is appropriate. Strengthen management and promote early maturation and high yield. If the temperature is low during the planting of spring cabbage, plastic film can be used to cover the small arches and keep it at about 20°C during the day to promote the rapid recovery of the plants. When the temperature is warmer, the shelter can be removed after the weather is stable. Shallow cabbage roots, weak absorption capacity, strict requirements on fertilizers and water. During the whole growth period, many available nitrogen fertilizers are applied. Generally, 15% to 40% of human waste is used as top dressing. Gradually increase the concentration as the plant grows, and top dressing is stopped 8 to 10 days before harvesting. At the same time, we must also do a good job in field management such as cultivating and weeding and controlling pests and diseases to promote early maturation and high yield. Variety selection should choose the type with strong winteriness and early ball stage. Spring cabbage is mainly pointed and flat. Tip-type varieties of chicken heart type, bovine heart species, competing spring, Yanchun; flat head type varieties of yellow seedlings and so on. Spring cabbage seedlings generally manage 1 to 2 times of seedlings, apply manure water once and appropriate watering, in order to keep the seedlings grow steadily rather than prosperous, otherwise it will cause early convulsions. The tip type seedling age is generally 40 to 45 days, and the flat head type seedling age is generally about 60 days. After setting up the land before planting, plowing about 15 centimeters, making a width of about 2 meters (even ditch), open a good ditch and waist ditch. Each mus of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium vegetable special fertilizer 100 kg or organic fertilizer 2000 ~ 2500 kg base fertilizer. Excessive seedlings should be removed when planting to prevent premature convulsions. The tip type row spacing is 40 cm square, and 3000-3500 plants per acre. The flat head spacing was 4045 cm, and about 2500 plants were planted per acre. After planting, it usually takes 1 to 2 times of water to live trees. In order to achieve early maturation and high yield, the field management spring-to-head type spring cabbage needs to be stable and generally top dressing 1 or 2 times. For the first time after 7 days of planting a living plant, 10 kg of urea was applied per acre. If there is a lack of fertilizer after the plant, fertilize it once more. When the plant begins to pack, it is necessary to apply a heavy fertilizer, generally about 15 kg of urea per acre. After flat-type spring cabbage is planted, it will be top dressing 2 to 3 times, and the concentration and quantity of top dressing will be increased more than the tip type. Cauliflower Variety Selection The spring cultivation of broccoli should be selected from medium-temperature type medium-maturing or medium-early-maturing varieties with strong adaptability, cold-resistance, heat-resistance, compact plant shape, and compact bulbs, such as Shenglv, Chunqiu No. 4, Chunqiu No. 44, and Boai. No.1 and so on. Cultivating strong seedlings In addition to mastering the conventional autumn and winter cultivation techniques, winter and spring cultivation and nursery should also adopt the following technical measures. 1. Use protective facilities to raise seedlings. For broccoli cultivated in winter and spring seasons, in order to avoid freezing damage and premature convulsions caused by excessively low temperatures, greenhouses should be used to raise seedlings. If necessary, multi-layered cover insulation or nursery seedlings should be used. 2, strengthen management. In winter and spring, the temperature is low, and the seedlings are susceptible to freezing or cold injury. To avoid drastically reducing the soil temperature caused by watering, the frequency of watering and the amount of watering should be controlled during the seedling stage to prevent the occurrence of damping-off caused by excessive humidity in the greenhouse. The occurrence of disease. 3, reasonable control of seedling age. In winter and spring, the temperature is low, and seedlings grow slowly. The seedling age is generally 45 to 60 days, and 4 to 5 true leaves can be planted. 4, colonization. Broccoli is suitable for the cultivation of sandy loam soil with deep, fertile and well-drained soil. After the soil is ploughed, the base fertilizer is applied, 1000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to Mushi, 50 kg of compound fertilizer, 25 kg of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 10 kg of urea, and 1 kg of boric acid. According to the ditch 1.5 meters for soil preparation, deep sorghum sorghum, after the site preparation spray herbicide chlorinated or butachlor to prevent grass damage. The conditional use of plastic film covering cultivation, the effect of increasing production is obvious. 7 to 10 days before planting, hardening seedlings can be ventilated and cooled at noon on sunny days to allow the seedlings to gradually adapt to the outdoor low temperature environment so as to improve the survival rate of transplanting. Daily hardening time should be gradually extended. Generally, the plant spacing is 35-40 cm, and 2500-3000 plants are planted per acre depending on the variety. In greenhouses and other facilities, the density should be slightly thinner, planting 2000-2500 plants per acre. Immediately after planting, root water is poured to promote tree growth. After a living tree, because of the low temperature and low evaporation, it is generally not necessary to water the soil. If the soil is too dry, thin human excrement may be poured when the temperature is high at noon. 5, field management. Temperature management, the spring cauliflower cultivation in the early growth period in the low temperature season, a small amount of growth, and the broccoli plant size and flower bulb production are closely related, and the late growth temperature increased rapidly, flower bud bud differentiation and flower bulb formation of broccoli . Therefore, in the management of the field, pre-growth requires good insulation to prevent freezing. The cultivation of greenhouses should be conducted in a timely manner to keep the greenhouse closed. The open cultivation should be conducted as soon as possible to open the ditch to prevent freezing. In case of sudden frost or freezing weather, remedial measures should be taken to cover the floating surface of the sunshade. In the late growth period, after the temperature in April has risen, the cultivation of the facilities should be done in a timely manner, and the ventilation and cooling should be done in time. Fertilizer management should pay attention to the application of basal fertilizer, promote early-onset seedlings, slightly control fertilizer after watering, and improve stress resistance. In combination with cultivating and weeding, generally, 1 kg of compound fertilizer and 8 kg of urea are used per acre to promote flower bulb expansion. In order to prevent hollow stems and shoots, 15 to 20 days before budding, 16% of liquid boron fertilizer was sprayed 2 to 3 times for 2 to 3 times for foliar dressing. The temperature of early stage of broccoli growth is low, generally no irrigation is needed. In order to avoid the sudden drop of soil temperature caused by watering, the watering should be carried out at noon, and the amount of watering should not be too much. After the temperature rises, it is necessary to maintain a certain degree of humidity in the soil, especially during the ball stage, avoid drought, so as not to inhibit the formation of flower balls, resulting in decreased yield. After the heavy rain that has been cultivated on the open ground, drain the water in a timely manner. Do not collect water. Spray the fungicide in time to prevent the occurrence and spread of the disease. 6. Pest control. The main diseases in the seedling stage are damping-off disease and blight. The prevention and control methods require that the seed treatment and seedbed management be performed. In the early stage of the disease, 72% Prokary or 64% antivirus or 60% excretion 500- Spray 600 times; at the beginning of onset of bacterial wilt, it is sprayed at 1500 times the height of 10%. The diseases in the growing season include downy mildew, sclerotinia, black rot, and soft rot. In addition to doing a good job of agricultural control technology, the chemical control methods are as follows: 60% extinction or 64% of anti-virus drugs at the beginning of downy mildew or 58% Radiummil or 72% Kelu 500-600 sprays. Sclerotinia disease is sprayed with 50% fluocinolone 1000 times or 50% sulfacin 1500 times at the beginning of onset and on rainy days. Black rot and soft rot can be killed 500 times with 77% or 500 times with 80% or 47% with Garnett 800 times after being transplanted. Pesticides used for pest control should be rotated for use. Normally, they should be controlled every 7 to 10 days for 2 to 3 consecutive times. The last medication must strictly comply with safety intervals.
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