Pig raising skills: how to use the three major respiratory immune barriers of pigs to reduce pig disease
The respiratory immune barrier of pigs is mainly composed of nasal mucosa and turbinate bone, ciliary system and alveolar macrophages. How to use pig respiratory immune barrier to reduce pig disease? This is a question that pig farmers should think about. First, nasal mucosa and turbinate bone The nasal mucosa can secrete a large amount of mucus, and the nasal bone can cause the inhaled air to form a turbulent flow due to its special structure, thereby increasing the contact area of ​​the air with the nasal mucosa, and the particles and some pathogens in the air are adsorbed by the mucus, thereby preventing these. The source material enters the trachea and lungs to prevent the disease of the herd. After the pig house is sealed in the pig house in the winter, the pig person can clean out some black mucus from the nasal cavity, and the particles adsorbed on it are the dust particles which are blocked by the nose hair and adhere to the mucus. The main factors that destroy the nasal mucosa of pigs are dust and harmful gases in the air. When the dust and harmful gases pass through the nasal mucosa, it will cause slight mucosal inflammation of the nasal mucosa, thus reducing the adsorption capacity of the nasal mucosa. In addition, the common bacteria in the respiratory system of the herd, B. septicum, will cause more serious damage by using the nasal mucosa that causes inflammation, which in turn leads to the infection of the pigs, the necrotic toxin produced by Pasteurella, and Pasteurella. On the one hand, it promotes the proliferation of osteoclasts to dissolve the nasal bones, and on the other hand, inhibits the secretion of new bone matrix by osteoblasts, which eventually leads to changes in the structure and function of the pig's turbinate bone, which causes the first line of defense of the respiratory immune barrier of pigs to be destroyed. . Protect the first line of defense The main point of protecting the first line of defense is to ensure the air quality inside the house. As long as the nasal mucosa is not invaded by dust and harmful gases, the subsequent turbinate bone is not easily damaged. 1. Reduce the powder, you can replace it with pellets or porridge to feed the pigs, because the dust of the latter two is less than the powder. 2, strengthen ventilation, ventilation should pay attention to, the position of the pig's nose is much shorter than the position of the person, can not assess the feeling of the pig with the feeling of people entering the pig house. At present, the ventilation of high-efficiency pig farms generally uses the lower layer to transport fresh air, and the upper layer to remove the turbid air to ventilate the air to ensure the quality of surface air. 3, timely clean up the feces, the harmful gases in the air are mainly fermented by pig manure and urine, timely cleaning of manure can reduce the production of harmful gases, protect the nasal mucosa. Second, the cilia system Porcine respiratory cilia are mainly distributed in the posterior 2/3 of the nasal cavity such as the porcine sinus, nasopharynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. The cilia is covered with a large amount of mucus, which on the one hand lubricates and protects the cilia. On the other hand, it can adsorb the passing dust particles and pathogenic microorganisms. The cilia regularly oscillates with the breathing movement, and swallows when inhaling. The direction of the part swings to promote the foreign matter adhered to the throat, and is swallowed by the pig after reaching the throat, and the human cough is coughed out to the outside by a coughing action. The cilia system in the respiratory tract of pigs belongs to the second line. The more destructive force is mycoplasma. Mycoplasma contains cilia adhesion proteins. These proteins cause the death and shedding of ciliated cells, and the protective effect disappears after the cilia fall off. Pathogens invade the submucosal lymphatic space and spread to a greater extent with the lymphatic circulation. Protect the second line of defense To protect the pig's cilia system, the most important thing is to prevent mycoplasmal pneumonia in the herd. It is currently recognized that the most effective way to prevent and control mycoplasmal pneumonia is a two-step process: the first step, 14 days before the sow, the anti-mycoplasma drug is added to the feed (Timistar, tiamulin, tymectin, Enrosha Star, lincomycin, etc., for 10 days; the second step, the 7-day-old immune mycoplasma vaccine after birth, if the inactivated seedlings are separated after 14 days, the second is free (live 7 days old immunization once). Third, the alveolar macrophage-led immune system Although there are two lines of defense, there are still some dust particles and pathogenic microorganisms entering the lungs. At this time, the third line of defense of the respiratory immune barrier, alveolar macrophages, is needed. Alveolar macrophages can phagocytose particulate matter and pathogenic microorganisms into the lungs. After phagocytosis of foreign bodies, alveolar macrophages become phagosomes, and phagosomes formed by phagocytosis fuse with lysosomes to eliminate pathogens by lysozyme. The phagocytic body formed by the foreign body will complete the phagocytosis together with the neutrophils. The most harmful to alveolar macrophages is the blue ear virus. Because the blue ear virus selectively attacks alveolar macrophages, the blue ear virus binds to membrane receptors on the surface of alveolar macrophages and enters macrophages, thereby starting a series of tasks such as shelling, replication, and destroyed alveoli. Macrophages cannot complete the work of "scavengers" and cannot devour foreign substances; they also prevent alveolar macrophages from secreting non-specific immune substances such as growth factors and interleukins. Pigs infected with blue ear virus will show significant immunosuppression and increase the incidence of various bacterial diseases. Protect the third line of defense Blue ear disease is still a major problem in the pig industry. At present, more than 90% of the pig blue ear virus infection in China is positive, and it is difficult to become a blue ear negative field by clearing the blue ear virus. At present, there are several main ways to prevent and control blue ear disease: 1. Vaccine immunization. The current blue ear vaccine has 8 strains, including one inactivated strain, three classic strains and four variant strains. Each vaccine has its own advantages. Pig farmers can choose the corresponding one according to their needs. Vaccine immunization. 2, closed group. Because the blue ear virus belongs to the RNA virus, it is easy to mutate. Many farms are stable from blue ear to unstable because of introduction. Therefore, an important task of preventing and controlling blue ear disease is closed group. 3, two-point or three-point breeding. In the pig farm, if the sow is infected, the pig will continue to be infected with the poison, and then the pigs and the finishing pigs will be infected. The infected pigs will continue to be kept and continue to spread the poison, resulting in the pig farm. Blue ear disease is continuous, and two-point or three-point can prevent the sow from transmitting the virus to piglets and finishing pigs (the gilts), cutting off the transmission of blue ear disease to prevent the disease. 4, drugs. Macrolide antibiotics such as tilmicosin and tymectin specifically accumulate in alveolar macrophages, inhibiting the replication of blue ear virus by increasing the pH of alveolar macrophages (blue ear virus likes to be in acidic environment) Under the purpose of copying). It can also play a certain role in the prevention and treatment of blue ear disease through the veterinary drugs (Astragalus polysaccharide powder, Fuzheng Jiedu Powder) and Qingrejiedu Chinese medicine ( Banlangen Granules, Jingfang Baidu Powder). The folding foot bath machine is a device that can be used to soak and massage feet. It's designed to be portable and easy to store, making it ideal for those who want to enjoy a foot soak and massage at home or on the go.
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