Breeding of post-cropping wheat seed rape
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The post-crop breeding (green manure) rapeseed technology was initiated by Prof. Fu Tingdong, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a famous rapeseed expert, and was jointly researched and completed by technicians from the National Agricultural Technology Center and Gansu Province Agricultural Technology Extension Station. This technology is based on the characteristics of land reclamation in the northwestern China where there is little heat and a ripe area, wheat land after harvest in the middle and late July of July and the same season of rain and heat in August and September. It makes full use of the time after the wheat land recreation to reproduce double-low quality forage (green manure) rapeseed. , Production of high-quality green fodder or green manure, and organic integration of planting and animal husbandry. It is suitable for more than one year's ripening and two ripening, wheat growing to frost for more than 50 days before the growth, and altitude above 2,000 meters in the northwest cold and hot areas to promote. The varieties and cultivation techniques of feed rapeseed were tested from 1999 to 2001. In 2002, they passed the technical appraisal organized by the Department of Science and Technology of Gansu Province and the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, reaching the domestic leading level. At the same time of the cultivation technology test, the experimental research on nutrient analysis, feeding and silage technology of feed rape was also carried out from 2001 to 2002, and a breakthrough was made. Sheep feeding and silage technology have been tested in practice. This technology is now listed by the Ministry of Science and Technology as a scientific and technological achievement transformation project implemented in Gansu and Xinjiang. The promotion area involves Gansu, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Ningxia and other provinces and regions, with an area of ​​more than 200,000 mu. In 2003, it passed the appraisal of scientific and technological achievements of the Ministry of Agriculture. Its technical features are: Simple and easy to implement, and the operability of wheat reared rapeseed technology is a relatively extensive animal husbandry technology, the purpose is mainly to harvest fresh grass, rather than rapeseed. Compared with the rapeseed cultivation technology that produces rapeseed, many cultivation links and technical requirements such as site preparation fertilization, planting time, planting density, seedling seedlings, weeding and weeding are not very strict, and many links can be omitted. With low input and high output in normal years, post-crop rapeseed is used as a feed for 1 kg of rape seed per acre, seed cost is 4 yuan (less than other feed seed costs), plus 3 kg of urea per acre, fertilizer cost input About 7 yuan, less labor input. After 60 days of replanting, more than 3,000 kilograms of fresh rapeseed can be produced within the growing period. If the fresh grass is calculated at 0.05 yuan per kilogram, the net income per mu can be increased by more than 150 yuan. Shorter time and quicker effect of rapeseed as feed (green manure) Compared with other forage crops, rapeseed has the advantages of rapid growth under cold conditions, low seed price, and suitable for close planting. If it can be planted in the middle or late July, it is easy to produce 3,000 kg of fresh rapeseed. However, about 10 months of growth, it takes 3-4 harvests, and the yield of high-yielding fields is only 5,000 kg. With rich nutrition and good palatability, the use of fresh grasses of double-low rapeseed as a feed is not only rich in nutrition but also particularly suitable for palatability. According to Gansu Agricultural University's determination of double-seed rapeseed samples collected in Jingning County, the whole plant (dried 8.79% of water-dried rapeseed) contained 2.54% crude protein, which was similar to arrow pea (26.62%); crude fiber content was 15%, which was lower than Grass carp (17%), arrow peas (24.4%); crude fat content of 3.90%, higher than the grass bark, arrow peas and other forage, calcium 1.37%. Tests have shown that the higher the crude fiber content in forage, the lower the digestibility of crude fiber itself, and it also reduces the conversion rate of other nutrients. In contrast, high levels of crude protein in forages are beneficial for ruminants and crude fiber digestibility. In addition, forage has high fat content and good palatability. Double low rape just meets the requirements of high fat, high protein, and low fiber. Feeding livestock with it is not only nutrient-rich, but also improves the conversion rate of other nutrients and the digestibility of crude fiber, and is a good feed for livestock animals. At the same time, fresh rape can be harvested for silage processing and can be used as a winter feed for livestock such as cattle and sheep. This is particularly important for solving the shortage of feed in winter and developing animal husbandry.