Banana Wilt Disease Control Measures
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First, the onset of symptoms Banana wilt is a disease that infects banana plant vascular bundles. Its main features are the withering of diseased plants and the discoloration and rot of vascular bundles. External Symptoms: Adult stage diseased plants exhibited a specific yellow color on the lower leaves and on the leaf sheaths on the outer leaves, which occurred at the edges of the leaves at the initial stage, and then spread gradually to the middle ribs, which was in contrast with the dark green parts of the leaves. There are also yellow leaves in the whole leaf, and the susceptible leaves quickly wither, and the yellow leaves turn brown and dry. The last parietal leaf is often drawn out late or cannot be withdrawn, and finally the diseased plants die. Although some individuals did not immediately die, the fruits were poorly developed and had poor quality. After the onset of the mother plant, after the dead parts of the shoot (ie, pseudo-stem) died, its underground part (ie, bulbs) did not immediately die, and it was still able to grow new shoots and continue to grow. It did not show symptoms until late in the growth period. Internal symptoms: The internal symptoms are obvious due to vascular bundle disease. In the center of the medulla and around, there are yellow-red lesions of vascular bundles, in spots or lines. The deeper the lesions are, the closer the lesions are to the base of the stem. The wood canal in the root becomes red-brown and gradually turns dark brown and dry. Bulbs turn dark brown and gradually rot, with a special odor.
Second, the pathogen and disease conditions Banana wilt is an infectious disease caused by fungal infection. The fungus is a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp., a soil-accommodating bacterium that can survive in the soil for years or even 20 years. In the past, the banana wilt in banana farms in the mainland only suffered from pink bananas, bananas in Sai Kung, and bananas in the past. In recent years, bananas have also been found in some areas.
1. Banana wilt disease mainly depends on sick buds or diseased soils to spread from the wards to non-disease areas, and the field mainly spreads by contaminated flowing water, soil and agricultural implements. The pathogens invade through the saplings and the injured underground bulbs, spreading along the vascular bundles to the pseudostems and leaves. It can also be propagated from the rhizome sucking tube of the mother plant to sucking buds. After the diseased plant has died, the diseased bacteria live in the soil with the disease.
2. High temperature and wet weather are conducive to disease infestation and expansion.
3. Soils with high acidity, loose structure, poor permeability of the lower layer and more fields of banana nematodes, and cultivation of test-tube seedlings with contaminated soil are all conducive to the occurrence of diseases.
4. The pink banana, Saiju banana, and “Huanshanxiang†bananas are more susceptible. Plantains and bananas are more disease-resistant. However, the incidence of bananas has continued to expand in recent years.
Third, the incidence of young plants in banana disease, although susceptible, but strong resistance, no symptoms, generally close to the buds of growing plants before symptoms.
Fourth, prevention and control measures
1. Block the ward to prevent the spread of the disease. The banana planters found sporadic disease strains. They were immediately uprooted and the diseased plants were crushed. They were put into plastic bags, lime was added to seal the bags, and they were removed and kept away from the plantations to allow them to rot. 1 Soil disinfection was performed on the diseased spots; after the diseased plants were removed, lime and carbendazim were used to kill germs and covered with soil. The two-meter range of banana plants around the diseased hole was soaked with 50% carbendazim 500 times. 2 In the wards, independent irrigation is carried out and it is forbidden to carry the bacteria into the disease-free banana garden. 3 Tools used for ploughing in wards must be sterilized with 50% formalin before they can be used for disease-free cultivation. 4 The banana plantation with more than 30% incidence should be replanted with rice or aquatic crops and then replanted after two years of flooding. Mountain banana gardens can be made with sugar cane and peanuts.
2. Cultivation management measures. 1 Newly planted orchard gardens must be selected from test-tube seedlings that are disease-free or cultivated in the pure land. It is forbidden to introduce colonized banana seedlings from the ward. Between the two banana gardens should be reinforced leak-proof, independent irrigation. 3 Lime at the pre-planting point is used to regulate the pH of the soil; Shimiler is also effective against underground pests to prevent root damage and reduce the chance of infection. 4 Note that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are used in combination with calcium and magnesium fertilizers to enhance the disease resistance and disease resistance of the banana plant.