Selection of Agricultural Machinery Oil Varieties
(a) Diesel 1.Type and brand of diesel According to statistical data in recent years, nearly 10 million tons of diesel are used in agricultural production throughout the country. With the development of agricultural mechanization, agricultural power will increase, so agriculture is the largest sector that consumes diesel. The modern agricultural machinery is widely used light diesel oil and +20 agricultural diesel. Light diesel oil is divided into 10, 0, -10, -20, -35 five grades according to condensation point. 2. Selection of diesel In order to ensure that the diesel engine works normally, different brands of diesel should be selected according to different regions and seasons. The diesel used in agricultural machinery requires good combustion performance and atomization performance. In order to ensure that the diesel engine works normally, different brands of diesel should be selected according to different regions and seasons. Because of the high price of diesel with low condensation point and the low supply, the use of high-condensation point diesel should be extended as long as the temperature is allowed to reduce the operating cost. The freezing point of diesel fuel used in general should be lower than the seasonal minimum temperature of 3%. -5 degrees Celsius to ensure that it will not affect the use at the lowest temperature. Please refer to the following table for details: (b) Gasoline 1. The type and brand of gasoline Gasoline engine used in the agricultural machinery is gasoline gasoline for automobiles, which is divided into 66 grades, 70 grades, 75 grades, 80 grades and 85 grade grades according to the alkane value. 2. The choice of gasoline Gasoline used in agricultural machinery is mainly required to have the necessary anti-knocking, good evaporation and reliable supply. When using gasoline, it should be selected according to the engine compression ratio. For engines with high compression, gasoline with a higher rate of gas should be used. On the other hand, if the engine has a lower engine speed than the engine with lower engine speed, then the gasoline with a lower alkane value is used. The higher the grade of gasoline, the higher the price. If it is improperly selected, it will cause waste and increase costs. Reasonable choice of gasoline can refer to the following table 2 (III) Lubricating oil 1. Type and grade of lubricant Lubricating oil is a kind of lubricating material widely used in agricultural machinery. It not only plays a role in lubrication, but also plays a role in cooling, sealing, cleaning and protection. The gear oil used in the machine transmission and chassis is also a type of lubricant. At present, lubricating oils commonly used in tractors and agricultural stationary diesel engines include HC-8, HC-11 and HC-14; gasoline engines are classified into HQ-6D and HQ-6 according to the kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees Celsius. HQ-10 and HQ-15 are four brands; gear oil is the lubrication system that lubricates the drive system of tractors and other agricultural machinery and the rear axle. Because the gear oil is often black, it is also called black engine oil, which is mainly divided into 20 (for winter) and 30 (for summer) gear oil. There are also No. 22 and No. 28 hyperbolic gear oils. 2. Selection of lubricants Due to the high working pressure and high temperature of the diesel engine, aluminum bronze or aluminum alloys that are resistant to high pressure and corrosion are often used as the material of the bearing bushes. Therefore, the requirements for the lubricating oil are more stringent. It must have good corrosion resistance. For this reason, In diesel engine oils, multi-effect additives with anti-oxidation, anti-corrosion and keeping the piston clean are often added. A certain amount of additives are generally added to the gasoline engine oil to improve its performance. Lubricants are mainly selected based on the viscosity of the lubricant, the local temperature, and the wear of the engine. If the temperature is high, choose a diesel engine oil with high viscosity; when the temperature is low, choose a lubricant with low viscosity; if the engine wears seriously, a lubricant with a high viscosity can be used; a high-speed diesel engine can select a diesel engine lubricant; and a gasoline engine can use a gasoline engine lubricant. The choice of gear oil depends on the conditions of the area, season, and temperature. When the temperature is low, the brand with a lower freezing point and a lower viscosity is selected; otherwise, a brand with a high viscosity and a high freezing point is selected. The selection of various lubricants is shown in Table 3 and Table 4: (d). Grease Grease, also known as butter, is made by adding a thickening agent to the lubricating oil. At room temperature it is a viscous semi-solid ointment. It mainly acts as a lubricant, protection, and seal on machinery. 1. Type and brand of grease Commonly used greases for tractors and agricultural machinery include calcium-based greases and sodium-based greases, followed by calcium-sodium-based greases and lithium-based greases. Calcium-based greases are the most widely used general-purpose greases. They are characterized by their strong water resistance and poor temperature resistance. They are suitable for the lubrication of most rolling bearings on tractors and agricultural machinery. Calcium-based greases are divided into five grades ZG-1, ZG-2, ZG-3, ZG-4, and ZG-5 according to penetration. Sodium-based grease is also widely used. It is characterized by good heat resistance, but poor water resistance, ie, it is easily emulsified and lost after being exposed to water. Therefore, it is not suitable for working under humid conditions. It is suitable for lubrication with high temperature but no water. Parts, such as generator bearings, clutch front bearings, etc. Sodium-based grease is divided into ZN-2, ZN-3, and ZN-4 grades by penetration. 2. Selection of grease (1) The calcium-based grease is used in bearings for tractors and various agricultural machinery whose working temperature is lower than 60-65 degrees Celsius, and the scope of application is shown in Table 5. (2) The sodium-based grease is used in the lubrication of mechanical equipment with an operating temperature of 110-120 degrees Celsius. (3) Calcium-sodium-based greases are used in tractor wheel bearings and universal joints with operating temperatures of 85-100 degrees Celsius. They are also suitable for generator bearings because they are both resistant to heat and water. (4) Lithium-based greases are used in various tractors and agricultural machinery whose working temperature is -20 to 120 degrees Celsius.
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