Mushroom organic ecological cultivation technology
The traditional technology of mushroom production uses rice straw as its main raw material, and it can only be cultivated in the autumn, which limits the production of mushrooms. This article introduces the organic ecology of mushroom returning to the new technology of natural cultivation. While simplification of production and operation procedures, the mushrooms are changed from autumn mushroom to annual production in spring and autumn, and the planting cost can be reduced by 30% to 50%. If this technology can be promoted, it will inevitably increase the economic benefits of mushrooms and promote the rapid development of the mushroom industry. The main points of its cultivation techniques are described below: 1, Seasonal arrangements can be cultivated in spring and autumn. The spring cultivation grabs the word “early†and the ground temperature is sown above 8°C. 2. Selection of bacterial strains Selection of high-quality strains is the basis for a good mushroom production. The quality of the strains directly affects the yield of mushrooms. The selection and cultivation of strains must be carefully done. Generally suitable for cultivation in the central region is: Zhejiang Agricultural No. 1 or 2796. 3. The formulation of cultivation materials consists of dry manure such as pig manure, human urine excrement and soil miscellaneous manure, old material of Pleurotus ostreatus and small amount of rice straw as the main raw material, and a small amount of supplementary materials such as soybean cake, cotton cake, organic fertilizer and urea. Phosphate fertilizers can increase production. Formula (for example, 111 square meters): (1) 250 kg of rice straw, 15 kg of urea, 1,000 kg of dry manure, 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 100 kg of cake fat, 15 kg of plaster, 30 kg of lime, and 15 kg of calcium carbonate; ) 250 kg of rice straw, 15 kg of urea, 1,000 kg of dry manure, 75 kg of organic fertilizer, 100 kg of cake fat, 15 kg of gypsum, 25 kg of lime, 15 kg of calcium carbonate; (3) 1000 kg of Pleurotus ostreatus, 10 kg of urea , Dried manure 1,000 kg, organic fertilizer 75 kg, 75 kg cake, 15 kg of gypsum, 15 kg of lime, 15 kg of calcium carbonate. 4. Stacked material is fermented with one of the above formulas. The raw materials are mixed and then piled on the cement floor. The bottom is 1.2 meters wide and 1.4 meters wide, and the top width is 1 meter, 1.2 meters, and the height is 1.3 meters to 1.5 meters. The length is not limited Trapezoidal, above every 30 cm of ventilation holes, covered with a clean straw or plastic film insulation, when the material temperature reaches 65 °C ~ 75 °C, maintain 3 days? 5 days after the turning, the entire fermentation process only turned 2 times When the material is turned over, the humidity is controlled at about 80%, and the pH is 7.5?8. The moisture regulation adopts the principle of “one wet, two adjusting and three seeingâ€, that is, when the first time the stack is built, the moisture should be added, and the second time when the material is turned over. Moisturizing water, when the material is turned over for the third time, it depends on the dryness of the material itself to decide whether or not to add water. 5, nutrition soil preparation cover soil is the key technology to seize mushroom high yield. Due to the high quality requirements of the cover soil, it is necessary to prepare the nutrient soil 10 days before planting. In principle, the soil shall be taken on the spot. Dry beef dregs, 150 kg of pig manure, and 50 kg of plant ash shall be used for each 111 m2 of nutritive soil. Larger than conventional, mixed repeatedly, so that the type of soil particles as well, pH value of about 8. 6. It is better to use a ramming bed to sow planting. The drainage of the planting vines is better. According to the different conditions of the cultivators, it can be cultivated in the shed or cultivated on the ground. It can also be cultivated in the open air or in the forest. However, it must be shaded by sheds and covered in rain. Membrane rain, mushroom bed is generally 40 cm ~ 60 cm wide, the length is not limited, between the bed and the bed to leave the work channel, open the drainage ditch, the bed was curved, so that drainage, and increase the area of ​​mushroom, use Lime sprayed once before, and sprayed with 37% formaldehyde 200 times liquid sterilization. The well-fermented culture material is evenly spread on a trampoline, and the bacteria seeds are evenly spread on the surface of the material. The amount of 300 bottles per 400 m3 is used for every 111 m2, and the nutritive soil is evenly covered with the bacteria and the thickness is 1.5 cm. 2 cm, cover a layer of film moisturizing and promoting bacteria. 7, germ and mushroom management After the spring planting sowing temperature gradually increased, the film covered on the bed to be removed during the day. After 15 days and 18 days after sowing, the hyphae can penetrate the soil and when the germs are uniform, the film is opened, the bed surface is cleaned and the shelter is shaded, according to the mushrooming condition, soil moisture and climate change. Flexibility to adjust moisture, general principles: mushroom more than a long time and more spray, less when the mushroom spray, not see the mushroom does not spray; small mushroom more than a few times more spray, mushroom when the big spray; sunny and more spray, cloudy or less spray; near the door more Spray, the middle of the mushroom less spray; heavy hit mushroom water, tap nutrient water, diligently play air moisturizing water, do not play ultra-warm water, do not play tidal tail water; bed temperature above 20 °C, no water during the day, change the night spray . The nozzle should be raised when spraying water to prevent the wounding of hyphae and juvenile mushrooms when spraying, and the air humidity should be maintained at about 90%. After the water is sprayed, the air should be ventilated. If the soil does not shine, it means that the water has been sucked into the soil before it can be closed. When the temperature is high, ventilation is required to reduce the temperature, and when the temperature is low, the amount of ventilation is appropriately reduced. 8, harvest mushrooms timely harvest, in order to ensure quality. When the temperature is above 20°C, the mushrooms are harvested twice a day; when the temperature is 16°C, the mushrooms are harvested once a day, the mushrooms should be smaller, and the mushrooms can not be raised; when the temperature is below 14°C, the fruit bodies grow slowly, the mushroom shank is thick, and the mushrooms are Can be raised and harvested. Mushrooms are small and dense, and it is easy to open umbrellas for lack of nutrients. After harvesting, we must promptly clean up the mushrooms and dead mushrooms and old roots on the surface of the bed to prevent the spread of pests and diseases; holes should be promptly filled to prevent damage to the hyphae on the bed surface. 9, the characteristics of the technology After several years of experimentation shows that the technology has the following characteristics. (1) Adequate raw materials: The main use of farmyard soil fertilizer, pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, duck dung, etc., supplemented with a small amount of rice straw. (2) Simple operation: One-time rake, sowing, and earth-covering are all in place. The nutrient fermentation process only doubles, saving time, labor and labor. (3) Short cycle and high efficiency: Taking full advantage of natural conditions, the cultivation nutrition is reduced by about 60% compared with the conventional method. Only 15 days from the sowing to the mushroom production, 20 days, the yield of fresh mushrooms is 9 kg/m2 and 18 kg/m2. . Medical Oxygen Mask,Tracheostomy Oxygen Mask ,Pvc Tracheostomy Mask,My Oxygen Mask For Adult K-MED Co., Ltd. , https://www.kmedasia.com