(1) Organic fertilizer. Refers to a variety of farmyard fertilizers, such as human waste, cake fertilizer, manure, compost, green manure, wild plants, stems and leaves. These fertilizers not only have all kinds of macro elements and trace elements necessary for the growth of tea plants, but also contain a wealth of organic matter, which is a complete fertilizer. 1 urine: high fertilizer, which contains more nitrogen, less phosphorus and potassium. 70%～80% of nitrogen is in the state of ammonia and urea, and the effect of fertilizer is large and fast. It has a good effect on promoting the growth of tea plant and increasing yield and quality. It can be used as top dressing and basal fertilizer. 2 cake fat: It is the dregs left by the oil seeds after oil extraction. Contains organic substances and three elements are more abundant. 3 Manure: It is a mixture of livestock excrement and ring mat grass. It contains many organic substances and is a complete fertilizer. In the tea garden, basal fertilizer should be applied. The application should pay attention to the shallow application of clay, some deeper sandy soil, in order to control the rate of decomposition to make fertilizer lasting. 4 Composting: It is a mixture of weeds, fallen leaves, crop straws, etc., with a nutrient content lower than that of the first three, but it has a good effect on improving soil physical and chemical properties. (2) Inorganic fertilizers. Inorganic fertilizer, also known as chemical fertilizer, is characterized by high nutrient content, the main components are easily soluble in water, and can easily be transformed into a tea tree. At present, chemical fertilizers commonly used in tea plants include: 1 Nitrogenous fertilizers: Urea: Neutral urea, strong hygroscopicity, can be used for soil fertigation and can also be used as foliar fertilizer, and can be easily absorbed by tea plants. Urea decomposes slowly at low temperatures and decomposes quickly at high temperatures. Therefore, it should be used as a top-dressing fertilizer in summer and autumn. It is generally decomposed in 5 to 6 days and absorbed by tea plants. The decomposition rate of urea is also closely related to the acidity of the soil. The higher the acidity of the soil, the slower the decomposition. Therefore, it is advisable to apply the fertilizer of the acid soil tea plantation earlier. Ammonium sulphate: Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen content of 20.5% to 21.0%, physiological acidic fertilizer, long-term separate application will make the soil more acidic, such as soil acidity is not enough tea garden to apply ammonium sulfate is beneficial. Ammonium sulphate has a rapid effect, and it can be absorbed by tea plants in 2 to 3 days. It is ideal for spring fertilizer use. Ammonium nitrate: hygroscopicity and explosiveness, moisture-proof during storage, do not slam after caking so as to avoid explosion and fire. Ammonium nitrate tends to run off with water and should be applied in a divided manner in the tea garden. Nitrogen-containing fertilizers include ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia, and ammonium chloride, but they are not suitable for tea garden fertilizers. 2 Phosphate fertilizers: General calcium phosphate: Abbreviated as calcium sulphate, light gray powder, acidic, soluble in water, easily combined with iron, aluminum, etc. in soil as insoluble neutral salt. When used as a basal fertilizer, it is best to use it in combination with farmyard fertilizers. It is best to use topdressing fertilizer with nitrogenous fertilizers, and the best fertilizer application is in summer. Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus Fertilizer: Generally contains 14% to 19% of available phosphorus, which is a weak acid-soluble fertilizer. After being applied to tea garden soil, the organic acids secreted by the tea root and the acidic substances in the soil gradually dissolve to release effective phosphorus. Long and long-lasting, suitable for base fertilizer application. 3 Phosphorite powder: made of crushed phosphorus ore, phosphorus content of more than 14%, brown powder, slightly alkaline, is a poorly soluble fertilizer, fertilizer effect is slow, generally should be used as a base fertilizer after the accumulation of organic fertilizer fermentation. (3) Potassium fertilizers and compound fertilizers. The chemical potash suitable for tea plantation is mainly potassium sulfate, and potassium chloride cannot be used because it contains chlorine that is harmful to tea plants. Potassium sulphate contains 48% to 52% of available potassium (K20). It is easily soluble in water and is a physiological acid fertilizer. It is best used in combination with alkaline fertilizers such as phosphate rock, and it is mainly applied to the sites where the tea tree absorbs more roots. To reduce the fixation of potassium on the soil. Compound fertilizer is a type of fertilizer containing two or more of the main nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and has a broad application prospect in tea gardens. The active ingredients of compound fertilizers are generally used to express the percentage content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The compound fertilizer is divided into two types, namely, hydrogenated superphosphate, nitrate phosphate, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, etc.; compound fertilizer is used in single fertilizer according to the needs of different periods. , Flexible preparation. In addition, in some compound fertilizers, appropriate trace elements can also be added to make a more complete multiple compound fertilizer.
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