Cultivation technology of melon field covered with plastic film

1. Variety selection The selection of thin-skinned varieties is much easier, such as thin-skinned melons; extremely sweet melons, Xinfuyu, Wulong Tang, etc. are very popular among melon farmers.

2. Cultivation system Melon is a crop that likes temperature and heat, and continuous cropping of melon is avoided. Continuous cropping can easily lead to the harm of soil-borne diseases such as Fusarium wilt. Melon is not suitable for continuous cropping with other melon crops to avoid infection. Thin-skinned melons have early maturity, short growth period, large row spacing, and good economic benefits. They are reasonable crops intercropped with grain, cotton, and oil crops in the farmland.

3. Site selection and site preparation is very important. The root system of melon is relatively developed, drought-tolerant and moisture-tolerant. Planting melon should use good drainage and deep sandy loam is suitable. The selection of land plots should be based on the leeward, high-lying, dry, non-drought, waterlogged, and supplemental irrigation plots. Site preparation and tillage * are done once each in winter and spring. Spring soil thawing before thawing. Most of melon's fertilization is based fertilizer. The basic fertilizer can be applied twice; the first time is the surface application, that is, the compost, grass dung and other coarse fertilizers are fully spread before the spring cultivation, and the fertilizer is turned into the farming layer with the turning; Dig holes under the seeding hole and apply fully fermented manure, cake fertilizer, stable fertilizer or compound fertilizer. After applying the base fertilizer, you can do bordering and mulching. Melon is prone to drought in the early stage and heavy rain in the later period. In order to balance the needs of drought prevention and irrigation, it is often made of low ridge flat border. The effects of early maturity, yield increase and income increase of melon covered with plastic film cultivation are very significant. This technology is popularized and developed quickly, and has become a routine measure for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of melons. There are two ways to cover the plastic film: one is to lay the film first and then sow it. The other is to spread the film after sowing.

4. When the seedlings are planted, the seedlings must be arranged to start to warm up at the local temperature, and have passed the late frost period steadily. The principle of sowing seedlings quickly and not long. Because the surface of the furrow surface under the ground has always maintained a certain temperature and humidity, it only needs to be shallow sowing. The thickness of the covering soil should be preferably no seeds. When the shoots are unearthed, the membrane should be broken as soon as possible, and the seedlings should be cultivated to prevent long legs.

5. Seedling transplanting Northern melons are cultivated in the open field, usually by direct seeding: in order to prematurely market in the morning and supply the market in advance, suburban urban seedling transplanting is also adopted. The seed bed should be selected in a leeward, high, dry and flat area, close to the water source and the planting site. The regenerative capacity of melon root system is very weak, and the seedling slowing time after transplanting roots is longer during transplanting, which affects early maturity. Nutrient bowls should be used for seedling cultivation. The nutrient soil used for nursery is made up of 6-7 parts of field topsoil that has not been planted with melons and the hit-selling part is fully fermented and rotted manure. . 5 kg of plant ash, after sieving, spray 800 times with thiophanate and trichlorfon for disinfection. Before sowing, the seeds should undergo seed selection, seed drying and seed soaking. The seedbed should be irrigated before sowing. For sprouting, the seed bed should be pierced with holes, and then sown one germinating seed in a bowl, with the bud tip down into the hole. Cover the soil immediately after sowing. The overburden is sieved field top soil. The thickness of the covering soil is about 1 cm. Attention should be paid to the adjustment of temperature and humidity in the management of seedbeds. Before the seedlings are unearthed, the shed temperature should be maintained at 25-35 degrees, and the seeds should be ventilated to cool down after they emerge, to prevent the seedlings from growing. The temperature of the shed is maintained at 25-28 degrees during the day and no less than 15 degrees at night. 5-7 days before the seedlings are planted, the amount of ventilation should be gradually increased to exercise the seedlings. 1-2 days after the shed film can be

Remove all to adapt the seedlings to the open field environment after planting. When the night frost has passed and the ground temperature has stabilized above 15 degrees, the seedlings can be transplanted and planted. One afternoon before planting, the seedling bed should be watered once. Before planting seedlings, punch holes in the planting border according to the plant spacing. The planting holes are slightly larger than the nutrient soil for seedlings, and the hole depth is the same as the height of the soil. After the planting holes are punched, the seedlings with the plastic bowl or paper bag removed can be gently placed into the holes, and the nutrient soil is filled with fine soil around it, which is pressed tightly by hand to make it closely contact with the fine soil to prevent empty seedlings .

6. Pruning and topping Pruning and topping is a management measure that is the most important and technical in melon production. The results of melons are mainly sun vines and some of them are vines. The direct results of vines are very few. Therefore, most varieties are topped with main vines and side vines, and adopt double or multiple vine pruning methods.

Double-vine pruning is a pruning method widely used in thin-skinned melon production. Secateurs. Generally, the thinning melon seedlings are topped and topped when 3 to 5 true leaves are planted. After the vines are extended, 2 strong vines are selected, and the remaining vines are all removed. The 2 vines selected are directed to the border. Stretch evenly. In some places, multi-vine pruning is used for varieties. The mid-to-late ripe varieties of thin-skinned melons often come with traditional three-vine pruning. When the seedlings have 4-8 true leaves, the main vine is topped and topped, and then 3-4 strong vines are selected from the vines extending from the base to lead evenly. For the noodles, the rest of the vines were removed early, and the results of the Sunman with female flowers were retained, and the Sunman without female flowers was removed. Topping is also called topping and power. The main points of topping are: early topping should be timely, accurate and thorough, which means that it needs to be early in time and timely. The stem vines of melons grow very fast, and it is not possible to adjust the balance if the topping is late. Experienced melon farmers often hold thin bamboo poles and serially go back and forth in the melon garden, hit at the beginning, go to the top, and persist for a few days to get the same effect as each topping.

7. Topdressing Watering thin-skinned melons have a relatively short growth period, and only need to apply plantar fertilizer. Generally, topdressing is rarely applied. For melon top dressing and watering, you should master less top dressing and watering at seedling stage, or no top dressing or watering. In order to prevent excessive nutrient growth and promote fruit setting during flowering and fruit setting, water and fertilizer should be controlled. Generally, top dressing, no watering, and nitrogen fertilizer cannot be used during flowering. Fertilization should be carried out several times during the result period, and watered as appropriate to ensure that the results are fully developed and expanded. Therefore, watering should be strictly controlled before the harvest of melons, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added. 0.1% -0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be used as an extra-root fertilizer.

8. Mature harvesting Only when the fully ripe fruits are harvested at the right time can the inherent sweetness of melon be ensured.

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