Introduction of soybean
Soybeans can directly use foreign varieties for production use. As the saying goes, “Several Miles of Wheat, Thousands of Beans,†soybeans are short-day crops that are sensitive to light and have a narrow range of adapted varieties. Introduction should take into account the natural conditions of the two places, cultivation conditions and genetic characteristics of soybean itself. The following factors are mainly considered: 1. Geographic latitude Soybean lighting characteristics are the main reason for the formation of soybean regionality, and the length of light is mainly determined by geographical latitude. Introducing species in similar latitudes is most likely to succeed. 2. Altitudes Soybeans are light- and temperature-sensitive crops with different altitudes, and there are significant differences in temperature and frost-free periods. The geographic latitudes differ greatly. Due to different altitudes, the climatic conditions in the two regions may be similar and the introduction may be successful. In the same way, even if the latitudes of the two places are similar, the difference in altitude is too great, and introduction is not easy to succeed. 3. The evolution of the varieties and the cultivation level of the two places. Soybeans are sensitive to fertilizer and water. Different natural conditions and farming conditions have formed ecological types with different degrees of evolution (cuckoo habits, seed coat color, umbilicus color, grain size, etc.). ). The introduction of regional cultivation and adaptability to the ecological types of the origin of the species can be introduced. 4. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Weeds Damaged Soybean pests and weeds also have a certain regional distribution. When introducing between the two places, we must fully understand the degree of pests and weeds. For diseases, in addition to a deep understanding of the types of diseases, the physiology or strain type of the disease should also be considered. Soybean introduction should generally be tested and introduced first, and in the period of growth, etc., it is actually suitable for the requirements of local natural conditions and cultivation systems, and the yield is better than that of local varieties. The suitable introduction areas of soybean in the South are as follows: (1) Soybean subregion in the spring and summer sowing in the Yangtze River Valley: The varieties in the south and the north can basically be mature in this area. The spring and summer sowing varieties in the middle of the region and the early maturing types in the south of the region have been introduced into this area with greater practical value. Should pay attention to the introduction of drought-resistant varieties. (2) Soybean subregions in autumn and spring in southeastern China: All varieties in various regions can be mature in this region. Northeast spring soybeans can be introduced into the area for spring sowing of soybeans. The medium- and late-maturing summer soybeans in the Yangtze River Valley can be used as summer soybeans in this area. Autumn soybeans from various regions, and mid- and late-maturing summer soybean varieties south of the Yangtze River basin can be grown in the area for autumn soybeans. (3) Soybean subregions in spring, summer, and autumn in central and southern China: summer sowing soybeans in the Huanghe-Huai River basin, and early and medium-maturing soybeans planted in the Yangtze River in the spring can be used as summer soybeans in the region. It is advisable to use limited pod habits, ellipses, and medium grain varieties. (4) The height of posters in the region is more than 1,000 meters, and the temperature is lower than that in the eastern part of Pingchuan in the same latitude. The introduction of similar varieties in high latitudes is easy. Summer sowing soybeans near 34 degrees north latitude can be used for spring soybean sowing in this area. Summer early sowing and mid-season sowing in the vicinity of 30 degrees north latitude can be used as summer sowing soybean in this area. Introducing sowing soybeans at the same latitude is not easy to succeed. (5) South China is mostly used as a soybean sub-region: all regions can be matured by introducing various types of varieties into this area. Spring soybeans in the northeast and Huanghuai regions can be sowed in spring in this region. Spring soybeans and summer soybeans in the Huanghe-Huai River Basin and the Yangtze River Valley can be introduced into the area as spring soybeans or summer soybeans. Autumn soybeans south of the Yangtze River Valley can be used as autumn soybeans in this area. Planting.