Rice water-saving efficient cultivation techniques
(A), rice field water-saving 1, soaked in bottom water. Pouring sufficient water before sowing, so that 0 ~ 5 cm water layer in water saturation. In fine dry conditions, the continuable scale of seedlings can be changed to irrigation. 2, cover film protection. After sowing, the buds will be pressed lightly into the bed soil with wooden planks, and then evenly covered with wheat stubble or fine soil, and the plastic film will be laid on the seedbed in time to moisturize and protect the seedlings. At higher temperatures, a thin layer of straw is added to the membrane to cool the shade. 3, remove film and make up water. Qimiao timely remove the film, and spray once permeable to make up for lack of soil moisture. In high temperature weather, spread a thin layer of wheat straw or sprinkle some wheat bran on the surface. 4, control of water and drought. Qi Miao must strictly control the water and the dry land before it starts to rise. It is generally not watered when the leaves are not rolled at sunny noon. 5, water pull pull. The evening of the evening before the start of the marriage can be combined with delivery of fertilizer, pouring a permeable. In case of rainy weather during the transplanting period, contingency measures can be taken from the upper water, but the water layer must not be dragged over for two days. Drying machine throwing fields water management Qimiao before the same plastic tray humid seedlings, Qi seedlings with dry bed after the drought. (II) Daejeon Water-saving Irrigation Cultivation Technology 1. Pipe-water technology for improving the quality of transplanting The promotion of straw returning, organic fertilizer application, dry cultivation, and dry cultivation, shallow shallow dryness, shallow water, and field development will help improve the quality of land preparation. Reduce the field quota, reduce leakage, increase fertilizer and water utilization, and improve transplant quality. The depth of conventional hand-carried water layer is about 30mm, and the water layer is not more than 10mm. 2. The key to improve the quality of the water quality management system should focus on the management of water slurry in the following periods: (1) Return to the green period. The water layer protects the seedlings for 3-4 days, maintains the balance of water absorption and transpiration, and improves the survival rate of the seedlings. The water depth of the seedlings depends on the seedling age and weather conditions. In general, it is advisable for Tianqing to establish a water layer of about 5 per cent, and depending on the size of the seedlings, it is preferable that the maximum water layer does not exceed the leaves of the upper part of the seedlings. In the case of rainy days and low temperatures, it is generally better to establish a 2--5 cm water layer. (2) Effective parturition period (1 leaf age to Nn leaf age after transplanting). Shallow water layer combined with appropriate water-logging and shallow-water ground irrigation methods to ensure that early-onset and stable-to-adequate seedlings are sufficient (Wuyunjing No.7 10.5-11 leaf stage reaches the expected number of panicles, 95-22, 95-20 panicles, respectively. It is 21-230,000 and 19-210,000). That is, the field should be filled with water for a period of 3 to 5 days, and then allowed to dry naturally. After the field has no clear water and the soil is moist, water is irrigated once again. For the low-impounded fields with poor soil permeability and the fields with plenty of organic fertilizer and straw, the number of water cuts should be appropriately increased and dehydration and field-drainage should be performed to facilitate root growth and tillering. (3) From late till late panicle differentiation. The center of this period's water slurry management is to put aside fields, which will help strengthen strong roots, control ineffective delivery, and increase the percentage of spikes. In general, when the total number of panicles in the population reaches 80 to 90% of the expected number of panicles, they are dehydrated and placed on the ground. The delay time is approximately 0.5 leaf-age (4-5 days), and each animal is put to 0~5. The water content in the soil of the centimeters reaches 70-80% of the maximum water holding capacity, which is equivalent to the rewatering when the soil water potential is -0.035~-0.025Mpa, and the production of 3-5mm class fine cracks in the middle of the field is the standard for covering water. The specific application of production depends on the variety, cultivation method, and fertilizer level. When the number of Mu seedlings on the 7th Wuyunjing reached 17 to 190,000, the field was put on hold. The peak seedlings appeared before and after the 13 leaves. The peak seedlings were controlled at about 280,000, and the spike rate was increased to about 80%. 3, improve the ear weight of the tube water technology spike differentiation and development (falling 4 leaves to the heading period after the second half of the birth) to intermittent irrigation, to shape the ideal plant type, increase root activity, and to ensure the normal growth of young ears. That is, a shallow water in the field is about 30mm or so, and after being naturally dried, it is separated by 2-3 days, and the soil water potential is controlled to be not less than -0.01Mpa (see the fingerprint), which corresponds to 80 to 90% of the maximum soil water content. , Irrigation water once, between each irrigation, there is a short interval. Among them, a shallow water layer should be established 2-3 days before the tip of the sword blade. Wet irrigation during the heading and fruiting period will help maintain the roots, increase the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. That is, each irrigation layer is about 20mm deep, and after 2-3 days of depletion, it is equivalent to a soil water potential of -0.01 to -0.02Mpa, and the soil water content is about 70% of the maximum water holding capacity. Keep the field moist and the soil hard, neither crack nor soft. Delayed water cut off before maturity (usually cut off water for about 10 days before maturity) to ensure that the crop is mature and high-grain. 4. Improve the fertilizer efficiency of the pipe water technology to promote the deep application of fertilizers, ammonium bicarbonate, high-recovery and other basic fertilizer; wet top dressing, a thin layer of water the day before top dressing, the next day of wet fertilization; mid-fert with fertilizer, improve Fertilizer utilization. Wuyunjing No. 7 per mu 600 kg Mushi pure nitrogen total stable at 20 ~ 22 kg, before and after the late period ratio 5.5 ~ 6: 0.5: 4 ~ 3.5, panicle weight promote light protection; increase potassium fertilizer, NPK The ratio is increased to 1:0.3:0.5; the fertilizer and spray are sprayed during the heading period, and 50 to 100 grams of active agent is sprayed in the mu. Equivalent to the whole growth period of Mushi urea, ammonium bicarbonate, high recovery of 30 kilograms each, potassium chloride 10 kilograms, 200 milliliters of biological potassium. 5, to improve the efficacy of the water management technology 4 to 5 days after planting in conjunction with topdressing sub-fertilizer in a timely manner to do a good job, after the removal of water 4 to 5 days, the water depth of about 30 mm. According to pest and disease information, comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests such as rice thrips, rice weevil, sheath blight, leaf roller, rice planthopper, and rice false smut are performed, and diseases occurring in the lower part of the rice plant and the use of insecticidal insecticides In the case of pesticides, pesticides should be set up in the shallow water layer for a period of 3 days in order to improve the pest control effect. In the case of pesticides, the water layer should not be established during drug control. At the same time, according to the situation of the day, seedlings, pests and reasonable treatment of disease prevention and control of pests and the relationship between the fields, under normal circumstances to obey the pests. When pests need to be managed in mid-July, pests should be put on the field first; on around July 20, when pests are quarantined, pests should be lightly put on or treated after being put on light, and then the fields should be put to standard.