Cultivation techniques of warm porch spring bitter gourd
First, selected excellent species Bitter gourd is warm and humid, strong in stress resistance and wide adaptability. When planting in greenhouse, it is advisable to choose medium and early maturing varieties with strong plant growth potential, moderate branching ability, outstanding resistance, high quality and high yield, such as long bitter gourd. Xiafeng bitter gourd, green bitter gourd, big white bitter gourd, etc. Second, timely seeding It takes about 100 days for bitter gourd to be planted until harvesting. According to the production conditions of the greenhouse and the local climate characteristics, try to ensure the picking and listing in the off-season. Bitter gourd planted in the early spring greenhouse, the sowing date is generally from mid-February to early March, and the peak picking period can be delayed until mid-July. Third, cultivate strong seedlings 1. Prepare before the broadcast. 15 days before sowing, deep ploughing and ploughing, combined with ploughing and ploughing, 3000-4000 kg of simmered manure and 15-20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer. 7-10 days in the field, then close the shed for 5-7 days, sterilize the soil and the greenhouse through sunlight and slumber. After leveling the ground, reserve the seedbed in the east side of the greenhouse, prepare the seedbed along the north-south direction, 10 cm high and 90 cm wide, covering the mulch and warming. 2. Seed treatment. The seed shell of bitter gourd seeds is thick and hard, and must be soaked and germinated before sowing. First, soak the seeds in warm water at 55 °C for 20-30 minutes, rinse off the mucus on the surface of the seed shell, and then soak them in warm water at 30 °C for 6-8 hours, then remove them and put them into 10% trisodium phosphate solution. After soaking and disinfecting for 15-20 minutes, it is placed under the condition of 30 ° C - 32 ° C to moisturize and germination. Sow when most of the seed openings are white. Generally, the amount of seed per acre is 0.75-1 kg. 3. Arch shed seedlings. The bottom water is poured before sowing. After the water is completely infiltrated, the germinated seeds are evenly spread on the seedbed at a density of 10 cm and 10 cm, and the fine soil is 1.5-2 cm thick, and then the small arch shed is kept to maintain the temperature in the shed at 25 ° C. Left and right, 5-7 days will be able to come out. When the seedling grows to the second leaf and one heart, the film on the arch shed is gradually removed, and the seedlings are released. When the plants grow to 4-5 true leaves, they are ready for colonization. Try not to water or water the seedlings to prevent the seedlings from growing. Fourth, timely transplanting When the seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, they can be transplanted and colonized. When transplanting, the cells were perforated with a row spacing of 70-80 cm and a plant spacing of 30-35 cm, and 2500-3000 plants per acre were kept. When taking the seedlings, try to complete the soil and try to avoid root damage. The planting depth is suitable for the cotyledon flat soil surface. After planting, watering and irrigating with the ridge, and pressing the membrane with wet soil, and finally closing the greenhouse, warming the seedlings. V. Field management 1. Pruning and vines. After the plants are vines, on the south and north end beams of the greenhouse, use the wire to straighten the cable along the top of the seedling ridge, and then hang the nylon rope on the cable for the vines to climb. The bitter gourd has strong branching power, and the side vine grows lush. If left to grow, it not only consumes nutrients, but also hinders the normal growth and flowering results of the main vines, and also causes the field to close, affecting ventilation and light transmission. Therefore, in the process of introducing vines, the old vines and the thin side vines should be removed in time, and the old leaves and yellow leaves should be removed. 2. Temperature and light regulation. The suitable temperature for the flowering of bitter gourd is about 25 °C, and the minimum temperature in the morning is not lower than 12 °C. When the shed temperature exceeds 25 °C during the day, the film can be released and the night shed temperature is maintained at about 15 °C. In fine weather, the grasshoppers are pulled after 9:00 am and put down after 4 pm. When the outside temperature is greatly reduced, a layer of paper or old film can be placed on the grass to keep warm, and the time for unwinding is appropriately reduced. In case of snowfall, in addition to extending the cover time, the snow on the shed film should be removed as soon as possible, and artificial light-filling measures such as adding lights should be added to increase the temperature of the shed and increase the temperature of the shed to meet the normal growth needs of bitter gourd. 3. Fertilizer management. From planting to flowering, the bitter gourd plant is small, requiring fertilizer and water demand is small, and entering the flowering result period, the fertilizer needs to increase rapidly. Therefore, it should be topdressed during the fruiting period and the beginning of the picking period. It is advisable to topdress the fertilizer before irrigation, and apply 50-75 kg of decomposed chicken manure per acre, and apply 20-25 kg of humic acid compound fertilizer. When watering, it is advisable to pour water in small water and avoid flooding. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. 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