Introduction of pharmaceutical packaging materials and equipment
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Plastic sheet heating→film forming→filling product→covering substrate→heat sealing→cutting trimming to complete the above process, manual operation, semi-automatic operation and automatic operation can be used.
Since the blister packaging of the medicine has a large production volume, the variety is relatively fixed, and it is required to be safe and sanitary, it is preferable to use an automatic packaging line for production. In the automatic operation, in addition to completing the packaging process, printing, loading instructions, cartoning, etc. : The process is connected with the packaging line to form a fully automated blister packaging production line.
(a) the roll plastic sheet is unrolled and transported forward;
(b) The sheet is heated and softened, and a blister is formed by compression molding (using compressed air) or blistering (using vacuum) in a mold;
(c) filling the product with an automatic loading mechanism;
(d) Detecting the quality of the blister molding and whether the filling is qualified; in the automatic production line, the photoelectric detector is often used. When the unqualified product is found, the waste signal is sent to the memory device, and the waste product is automatically rejected after the blanking process is completed;
(e) the roll substrate material is overlaid on the filled blister;
(f) sealing the blister and the substrate with a plate or roll heat sealer;
(g) printing the lot number, date, etc. on the back side of the substrate;
(h) die cutting into individual packaging units. After the waste removal process is completed, the waste product is removed according to the signal stored in the memory device.
(j) Packing instructions, boxing, and becoming a sales package.
Second, the drug hood packaging materials section
The materials used in pharmaceutical blister packaging mainly include plastic sheets, substrate materials, heat seal coating materials, and substrate printing inks.
1. Plastic sheet materials The hard plastic sheets commonly used in pharmaceutical blister packaging mainly include polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride and some composite materials. At present, the large amount of application is large pieces of polyvinyl chloride.
The rigid polyvinyl chloride sheet has good transparency and gloss. Polyvinyl chloride flakes used for pharmaceutical packaging have high hygiene requirements for resins, and non-toxic polyvinyl chloride resins, non-toxic modifiers, and non-toxic heat stabilizers must be used.
Polyvinylidene chloride has high polymer density, regular structure, high crystallinity, strong gas tightness, excellent moisture resistance, good oil resistance, drug resistance and solvent resistance, oxygen in the air, Water vapor and carbon dioxide gas have excellent barrier properties. Compared with materials of the same thickness, the barrier property of polyvinylidene chloride to oxygen is 1500 times that of polyethylene, 100 times that of polypropylene, and 100 times that of polyester. Both water vapor and oxygen are superior to polyethylene. Moreover, the sealing performance, impact strength, tensile strength and durability of the polyvinylidene chloride material can meet the special requirements of blister packaging such as medicines. Therefore, polyvinylidene chloride is one of the development directions of materials for blister packaging in the future. Composite plastic hard sheets for pharmaceutical blister packaging include PVC/PVDC/PE, PVDC/OPP/PE, PVC/PE, etc., packaging materials requiring barrier properties and protection from light, plastic sheets and aluminum foil composite materials, such as PET/ Aluminum foil / PP, PET / aluminum foil / PE composite material.
2. Substrate material The blister packaging substrate of tablets and capsules is usually coated with aluminum foil. The aluminum foil is made of electrolytic aluminum with a purity of 99%. It is made by calendering. The aluminum foil has a highly dense metal crystal structure, which is non-toxic and tasteless. It has excellent light-shielding properties, high moisture resistance, gas barrier properties and taste-keeping properties. It can effectively protect the packaged objects and is widely used in pharmaceutical blister packaging. The surface of the substrate should be neat and lustrous, the printability is good, and the heat seal coating can be firmly applied to ensure that the substrate and the blister are tightly bonded together after the heat seal coating is melted.
3. Heat seal coating material The heat seal coating should be compatible with the substrate and the blister. The heat seal temperature should be relatively low so that it can be heat sealed quickly without damaging the blister film. Currently, heat seal coating materials used in pharmaceutical blister packaging are mainly classified into one-component adhesives and two-component adhesives. The one-component adhesive mainly consists of natural rubber or synthetic rubber, as well as nitrocellulose and acrylates. It has non-drying and hot-solubility and has a certain adhesive strength. The two-component adhesive is mainly polyurethane glue, which has good resistance to high and low temperature, resistance to medium erosion and high adhesive force, and can simultaneously bond various materials. It has been widely used in the composite process of substrate aluminum foil coating adhesive and various plastic film. Other commonly used heat seal coating materials are resistant vinyl resins and water resistant acrylic resins, all of which have good gloss, transparency and heat sealing properties.
4. The substrate printing ink is considered from the printing process of the aluminum foil of the pharmaceutical blister packaging substrate and the special requirements of the pharmaceutical packaging. The printing ink must have good adhesion to the aluminum foil, the printed text pattern is firm and clear, the solvent release property is good, and the heat resistance is good. Good performance, excellent anti-friction performance, good gloss, non-toxic pigments, no pollution to the packaged drugs, practical viscosity should meet the process requirements of aluminum foil printing. Currently used in substrate aluminum foil printing inks are mainly divided into two categories: * are alcohol-soluble polyamide inks. Because polyamide resin has good adhesion to various materials, it is especially suitable for printing polyolefin film, plus good dispersibility, good gloss, good abrasion resistance, good solvent release and printing, so it is commonly used. It is used to prepare GPE, CPP, OPP and other surface-printed gravure printing inks for various plastic film. This kind of ink has the characteristics of good gloss, wide application, anti-blocking and easy drying. It is also used in medicine blister. Packaging substrate aluminum foil printing. The second type of ink is an aluminum foil special ink mainly composed of a vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer resin bisenoic acid resin. It is characterized by bright color, high concentration, strong adhesion to aluminum foil, good transparency, excellent metallic gloss reproducibility of aluminum foil, and adjustment of its mixed solvent composition to meet the needs of aluminum foil surface printing. Applied to substrate aluminum foil printing.
Three medicine blister packaging equipment
1. The composition of the blister packaging equipment The blister packaging equipment is basically the same as the blister packaging equipment of other products, and mainly consists of the following parts:
1 heating part. The plastic sheet is heated by a heating device to soften it for molding.
According to the contact mode between the heater and the sheet, the heating method includes direct heating and indirect heating. Direct heating is to make the sheet contact with the heater, the heating speed is fast, but not uniform, suitable for heating thinner materials; indirect heating is to use radiant heat, heating near the sheet, heating is thorough and uniform, but the speed is slow, for thick materials Both apply.
According to the heat source of the heater, the heating method is heated by hot air and heated by heat. The hot air heating is directly sprayed onto the surface of the heated plastic sheet by the high-temperature hot air flow, and the heating efficiency is not high and not uniform enough; the heat radiation heating uses the light radiation generated by the far-infrared heater and the high temperature to heat the thinned sheet. The heating efficiency is high and uniform.
2 molding part, the molding part can be divided into two methods of tooth molding and plastic molding. Compression molding is to compress the softened sheet to the mold with compressed air to make it close to the inner wall of the mold to form a blister. The mold adopts a flat plate shape, which is generally intermittently conveyed, and can also be continuously conveyed, and the molding quality is good, and the shape is good. The cover is applicable, and the plastic forming is by vacuuming, the softened sheet is adsorbed on the inner wall of the mold to form a blister, and the mold adopts a continuous conveying roller shape, the suction generated by the vacuum is limited, and the blister after molding is added. The angle of the detachment from the drum is limited, so it is only suitable for shallower blister and thinner materials.
3 filling device. The drug is quantitatively filled into the formed blister, and a multi-row quantitative automatic filling device is often used.
4 heat sealing device. The aluminum foil substrate material for covering is sealed on the blister, and is available in both a flat plate type and a drum type. Flat type for intermittent transfer; drum type for continuous transfer.
2. Classification of pharmaceutical blister packaging equipment The blister packaging machine is divided into two types according to the degree of automation: semi-automatic packaging machine, automatic packaging machine and fully automatic production line. The packaging of medicines (tablets, capsules and suppositories, etc.) mainly uses an automatic packaging line, also known as PTP (PressThroughPack) automatic packaging line. There are two types of horizontal and vertical, generally adopting multi-column structure, high productivity and good packaging quality. It also has a detection device and a reject mechanism for connecting the printing, dispensing instructions and the cartoning process to the production line. It is an automatic packaging production line with complete packaging and typical functions.