Introduction of Wheat Seeding, Drought Resistant Sowing and Film-mulching Techniques
Sowing is the key to the production of wheat. Following the relevant data collected by the author, several wheat sowing techniques are introduced. First, the wheat drought-resistant sowing technique is the foundation of good wheat, and the related technologies for drought-reducing and sowing are described as follows:耙耱ä¿å¢’。 Fertilize soil as early as possible to reach the standard for seeding. No more ploughing before sowing, reducing the number of operations to prevent water loss. Through the repression of earthworms, the soil will be soiled and the deep water effect will be enhanced. 2. To fertilizer Ji. By increasing the amount of high-quality organic fertilizer, improving soil structure, and enhancing the ability to accept and retain water. In the year of major droughts, nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers, and potash fertilizers can be appropriately reduced in the application of chemical fertilizers to promote root development and enhance the stress resistance of wheat. In addition, we should actively promote the use of dry land dragons, drought and water retention agents such as seed dressing, the effect is also very good. 3. Irrigation options. The use of sprinkler irrigation, pipe irrigation and other water-saving irrigation methods, make full use of limited water resources, and strive to expand the irrigated area. 4. Deeply probed. For those plots with poor soil surface and good soil moisture, the ditch can be deep-opened first, then sowed, and the seeds can be planted in deep layers. 5. Reasonable use. In the appropriate sowing period, it depends on the regular sowing of the lyrics. When the soil moisture is good, it is necessary to “get robberies when they are not equalâ€, and appropriately reduce the amount of sowing, and sow early sowing. The drylands must be “indefinite time†and increase their broadcasts appropriately. In the water area, the sowing date can be appropriately delayed and sowing can be achieved. 6. Cover the insurance. After the rain or after the pouring of water, the mulch is used to cover the mulch. The mulch can be covered with film and then sowed, or it can be coated in a suitable sowing period and the sowing can be completed once. Whether full coverage or interline coverage, it can also play the role of conservation, temperature regulation, fertility and fertility. II. High-yielding cultivation techniques for wheat fine sowing High-yield cultivation of finely-prepared wheat is a set of high-yield, stable-production, low-cost, productive and biologically beneficial cultivation techniques. It is based on better soil fertility, water and fertilizer conditions, appropriate reduction of planting amount, and full use of tillers to form a panicle. It better handles the contradiction between groups and individuals, makes the wheat field population smaller, and the group dynamic structure is reasonable. Improve the lighting conditions within the group, so that the individual nutrition is good, robust development, so that ear, ear, grain weight, high yield. This technology has solved the contradiction between high yield and lodging in high-yield cultivation of wheat, and it is a comprehensive cultivation technique with the most extensive application and most effective wheat cultivation. The basic principle of high-yield cultivation in precision sowing is to deal with the contradiction between groups and individuals. On the one hand, the basic seedlings should be reduced to prevent the group from becoming too large, and a reasonable group dynamic structure should be established. On the other hand, strong seedlings should be nurtured to promote individual growth and development. This technology is a comprehensive set of cultivation techniques adapted to the above principles, including fertility, improvement of land preparation quality, selection of suitable improved varieties, improvement of seed quality, implementation of seeding, control of the number and distribution of basic seedlings, and appropriate timing. Seeding, adjusting row spacing, and applying fertilizer, water, hoeing, deep ploughing and other measures to regulate the size and structure of the group, promote individual growth and robustness, achieve sufficient panicle number, spike size, grain size, grain filling, high yield, stable production, high quality, and economic benefits High purpose. The cultivation techniques are as follows: First, fertility, generally requires 1.22% or more of soil organic matter, about 0.084% of total nitrogen, 47.514 mg/kg of hydrolyzable nitrogen, 29.814.9 mg/kg of available phosphorus, and 9125 mg/kg of available potassium; Select good varieties, choose individual plants with high productivity, lodging resistance, large panicles and large grains, compact plant type, strong photosynthetic abilities, high economic benefits, early maturity, good yellowing, and good disease resistance and resistance; Third, cultivate strong seedlings, first of all Apply base fertilizer, base fertilizer mainly organic fertilizer, re-application of phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, supplement micronutrient. Secondly, it is necessary to improve the quality of soil preparation, properly deepen the plough layer, and make the ground smooth. Third, we must insist on planting enough seeds to improve the quality of sowing, and do a good job in seed dressing or dressing. The fourth implementation of the machine sowing, the next kind of species, requiring more than 0 °C before the accumulated temperature 600-700 °C is appropriate. The fifth sowing volume should be appropriate. The sowing volume should reach 60,000 - 120,000 per 667 square meters of basic seedlings, and the total number of 667 square meters before winter is 1.2 - 1.5 times the number of spikes of 667 square meters. 667 square meters Chengsui 350,000--45 million, multi-spike varieties up to 500,000; Fourth, create a reasonable group structure, check, fill, sparse, planting seedlings, through fertilizer and water, deep plowing and other measures to control excessive birth, to be heavy Swabbing fertilizer and water, early in the spring to do a good plan, to loosen soil, protect soil and raise the temperature; Fifth, prevent and eliminate pests and weeds harm. Third, the mulching technology of wheat mulching film mulching technology (wheat whole-growing period mulching film cultivation technology) is a successful wheat cultivation technology of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Since 1992, it has been experimentally promoted in more than 10 provinces (municipalities directly under the central government) across the country. The increase in production of 667 square meters is generally around 30%, and the high level can reach 100%. In 1996, the National Agricultural Technology Promotion Center held an on-site observation meeting in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Experts at the meeting believed that this technology was another major breakthrough in the grain production field in China following hybrid rice, hybrid corn, and plastic film corn. The principle of yield increase of mulching technology for mulching film is to increase the temperature of the mulching film, ensure the protection of the mulching film and promote the growth of the mulch film. First, it can prolong the growth period of wheat and increase the time for accumulation of dry matter. The temperature of 0-20 centimeters of ground-covered wheat sowing can be increased by 4°C to promote early emergence of wheat. Compared with the control, the green leaf area coefficient at the 3-leaf stage, the 5-leaf stage, and the heading stage increased by 100.4%, 186.0%, and 12.9%, respectively, and the dry matter accumulation increased by 95.0%, 114.8%, and 37.5%, respectively. The prolongation of the growth period of mulch wheat is mainly manifested before the flag. Therefore, it is beneficial to increase the number of spikelets and grains per panicle. Generally, it can increase 2-3 spikelets and 10 grains per spike. At the same time, the spike rate of mulching wheat is also obvious. The second is to promote the development of wheat roots. The root volume of film-mulched wheat increased by 30.3%--48.6% compared with uncovered wheat. The developed root system promoted the absorption of nutrients and robust growth of wheat. The third was the favorable conditions for the activity of soil microorganisms, and the number of bacteria and fungi in the soil increased by 50%. The above has accelerated the transformation of soil nutrients. Fourth, it has reduced the ineffective consumption of water. After the film is covered with wheat, it can reduce the evaporation of the ineffective trees by l/2--2/3. In irrigation fields, it can reduce irrigation by 1-2 times. Save 100 cubic meters of water. At the same time, the lower limit of suitable soil moisture in mulch wheat can be reduced by 5% compared with open-field wheat. It shows that mulched wheat has stronger drought resistance. In addition, in spring and rainy years, mulched wheat can increase the surface runoff protection roots, which has a certain effect on preventing waterlogging. The technical points of mulching film caverns: First, select the top soil fertility plots. Because mulch film is not easy to be top-dressed, mulched wheat grows vigorously, and soils with poor soil fertility can easily cause defertilization and premature leaf senescence in the later stages. At the same time, the plots have better soil moisture and less weeds. The second is to select varieties with dwarf lodging resistance, large ear and high yield, and strong tillering ability, so as to ensure normal development before winter: strong selection of winter-selected varieties; third, higher quality of soil preparation . The ground surface is required to have no soil pits, no earth blocks, and erect grass stalk hard objects, so that the mulch film will adhere to the ground to ensure the effect; Organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are used as base fertilizers. 667 square meters with pure nitrogen 10 - 15 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 7 - 10 kg 5 is to choose a good quality film planter, use 0.006 mm film, tension and compaction; Six is ​​sowing date than conventional delay 10 Days or more, as late as possible buckwheat as early as possible, 667 square meters, a number of 30,000 points, each hole 7 - lO tablets, broadcast deep 3-5 cm; Seven is to strengthen management. In addition to poor soil fertility, the pre-control should be mainly to prevent excessive growth. To properly water, before the winter or return to the green stage, watering should be flooded with small water, with water infiltration along the membrane hole; timely seedlings, in the 2-3 leaf stage. Seedlings must take care of the mulch and press a small amount of soil at the membrane hole; apply the herbicide after spraying; apply manual extraction during the growth period; use black film or weeding film; do a good job of seed dressing and prevent underground pests and root diseases. In order to prevent the trampling and wind blow of livestock, it is necessary to protect the mulch. After the wheat is harvested, the waste film should be removed in time to prevent contamination of the soil.