Ming Dangshen cultivation techniques
Ming Dangshen is the dry root of the Changi Smyrnioides, also known as the mountain carrot, Mingsha root, Shanhua root, and soil ginseng. The sun-dried product is also called powdered sand ginseng. With lungs and phlegm, Yin and stomach, Pinggan detoxification function. The main production of Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan and other provinces are also distributed. (A) Morphological characteristics perennial herb, plant height 50 cm to 100 cm, the whole plant smooth and hairless. Root cylindrical or spindle-shaped, rough surface, light yellow; internal silty, white. Stems erect, hollow, upper branches. Basal leaves with long pedicels and sheath-like phimosis at base of stem; leaves 3–3 leaves of compound leaves 3–3 times, second 3–5 pairs of pinnate leaves, sessile; leaflets sessile, broadly ovate; upper stems usually degenerate Scalelike or sheathlike. The umbellate is terminal or lateral, with 1 or 3 total culms, 5 to 10 umbrellas, and 10 to 15 roots of small umbrellas. Buds pale purple and open white. Lateral inflorescence pistil is usually sterile. Calyx teeth 5, small-shaped; petals 5, ovate-lanceolate, with a distinctly purple midrib, apical inflexed, concave; stamens 5; pistil 2, ovary inferior. Double-hanging fruit is long oval to oval, slightly flat, brownish-black, with inconspicuous longitudinal edges. Flowering from April to May, fruiting period from May to June. (b) The growth habits of Dangshen hi cool and moist environment, drought, fear of embarrassment. With certain cold resistance, but not high temperature, when the average temperature on the day is higher than 25 °C, the growth of plants is hindered, and the ground starts to wither. During the seedling period, avoid direct sunlight. The wild is more common in deeper soils, fertile south or semi-yin-yang slopes, sparsely footed forests, grasses, bamboo forests, and stone seams. Seeds have physiological after-ripening characteristics, generally about 10C, after about 30 days of embryos to complete the ripening process. After 2 to 3 months, it can germinate neatly. The germination temperature is about 10C. If it exceeds 20C, the seeds will enter the second dormancy. Seed life is 1 year. (III) Cultivation Techniques 1. The selection of soil and soil preparation of the Codonopsis pilosula is not high on the soil, but it is better to use a slightly sloped, loamy soil rich in humus, and it is not suitable to plant low-lying water. Daejeon should be deep-turned about 30 centimeters and applied to farmyard fertilizers from 5 000 kg to 6 000 kg as base fertilizer. The whole story is meticulous. Nursery land should be ploughed by about 10 cm to make a 1.2-meter-wide rake. 2. Breeding methods use seeds to reproduce, production can live, but also seedling transplanting. (1) Live broadcast: Drill or hole broadcast in mid-October. The drilling distance is 30 cm, and the depth of the ditch is about 5 cm. The hole is drilled at a distance of 30 cm X 15 cm. After sowing, the cover soil was not seen as seeds. For every 1,000 square meters, the seed amount is 5 kg for seeding and 3 kg for sowing. (2) transplanting seedlings: generally broadcast or sowing in mid-October. The drilling distance is 20 centimeters, and the depth of the ditch is 5 centimeters. After sowing, fine soil is used. The seed amount per 1,000 square meters is: 8 kilograms sowing, sowing about 10 kilograms. After sowing, Hunchun emerged from February to March. You can transplant it from September to October of that year. And according to the large, medium and small sub-files, according to the line spacing of 10 cm and 30 cm, the roots will be placed obliquely in the row, the buds head up, covering the soil more than 5 cm above the bud. Transplanting should start from the seedlings, while planting the Senate, to prevent sun exposure to water loss. Watering in time after planting. 3. Field management (1) Seedlings and Dinglings: After the emergence of spring seeds, when the mu is 3 cm to 4 cm in height, the seedlings should be planted in time. Live broadcasters, set seedlings in the second year after emergence, seedlings are planted at a distance of 10 cm from the seedlings, and seedlings are planted with 1 to 2 seedlings per hole, and they are also required to make up the seedlings. (2) Dressing: After the emergence of seedlings or transplanting, timely cultivating and weeding shall be carried out. At the same time, animal manure water shall be chased. In the winter, the ditch shall be topdressed with wax fertilizer. Transplanting for 2 to 3 years is the fastest growing period. Appropriate topdressing should be increased and phosphorus and potash fertilizers should be given. (3) Drainage and irrigation: Soil should be kept moist after sowing, and a layer of straw curtains can be added under certain conditions. Removed after emergence. After the rain, water should be promptly removed. Seedling period can be used for crops such as soybeans, corn and other shade crops in the surface or between rows. (4) Intercropping: After the plants withered from May to June, they can use a short-term dry period, such as vegetables, soybeans, etc., to cover the earthworms in order to make full use of the land and also to maintain the temperature and protect the ginseng. 4. Pest control (1) Root rot: See Salvia miltiorrhiza for control methods. (2) Locusts and red spiders: See Campanulaceae for control methods. (3) Yellow Swallowfly: The larvae damage seedling shoots and can be sprayed with 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times spray. In addition, there are pests such as earthworms and earthworms. (D) Harvesting and processing: After 2 to 3 years of cultivation of Codonopsis pilosula, it will be excavated before and after pumping stems from April to May. If it is necessary to harvest seeds, it can be excavated in late June. Before the excavation, select the sunny day, cut the ground part, dig out the root, remove the stem, soil, and then press the large, medium and small sub-files respectively in boiling water for 3 to 10 minutes, until the root is not white For the degree, remove and put into the water to cool, and timely scrape the skin with bamboo or porcelain bowl pieces, then add 0.3% alum water dip float 2 to 3 hours, remove, wash, dry or bake You can do it. Fresh ginseng can also be scraped directly from the skin and dried. Its product is commonly known as “Pengseng ginsengâ€. (5) Seed-keeping techniques The Codonopsis pilosula begins to convulsive and fruitful in the second year. However, it is recommended that the remaining plants should be selected from 3 to 5 years of age, be robust and disease-free, and appropriate lateral branches should be removed to provide nutrients to the trunk. From mid-June to late June, when the seeds turn brown or dark brown, they can be harvested in batches. The harvested seeds can be stored in wet or dry sand. It is better if there is low temperature drying conditions. Before sowing, immerse seeds in clean water for about 24 hours, remove them, and mix them with wet sand to cool the room for broadcast.