Orchard species medicinal herbs double harvest
The rational interplanting of Chinese herbal medicines in orchards can not only improve soil fertility and improve the environment of the plot, but also can inhibit the growth of weeds and play the role of “covering grass†to achieve fruit and vegetable double harvest. The successful experiences in some places are described below for reference. The general principle of interplanting between fruits and herbs has proved that not any kind of Chinese herbal medicine can be interplanted in the middle of an orchard. It must be strictly selected, and reasonable arrangements must be made to prevent damage and seek profits. Otherwise, it will have adverse effects, and even "lose both sides." The general principle is: First, according to the biological characteristics of different fruit trees and Chinese herbal medicines, a reasonable field structure should be formed. For example, the selection of Chinese herbal medicines should be based on resistance to negative and shallow roots; secondly, the allocation ratio should be appropriate, adhere to the principle of fruit trees as the main principle, and complement each other; third, interplanting local special and authentic medicinal materials; We must strengthen field management, promote mutual benefits, and control contradictions so as to ensure double harvests. At the same time, we must also pay attention to the inability to spread pests and diseases to each other. The Chinese herbal medicines will not be the intermediate host of fruit tree pests and diseases. In many parts of China, there are successful experiences of fruit-plant interplanting, such as Daxing County in Beijing, interplanting chrysanthemum, perilla, achyranthes, and psoralen in the pear garden; in Jingshu County, Hebei Province, interplanting turmeric and atractylodes among apple trees. Chrysanthemum, etc.; Ganxian County, Zhejiang Province, planting Salvia miltiorrhiza under pear trees; Sichuan Province, Jintang County, interplanting Gastrodia elata, Chuanxiong, etc., is the scientific and rational use of fruit trees space and environmental advantages, a successful example of three-dimensional development. Young fruit trees and traditional Chinese medicine intercropping patterns After the fruit trees are planted, they usually form a crown between 2 and 3 years before they have a certain degree of shade. During this period, reasonably interplanting varieties of Chinese herbal medicines with low stem diameter, relatively thin plant type, and more hi yang can achieve the purpose of increasing long-term growth and income. For instance, from the first year to the third year, varieties such as bellflower, wasabi root, honeysuckle, dandelion, saffron, asarum and turmeric were interspersed in a 2-meter wide row spacing; from the third to the fifth year, as the crown of fruit trees gradually Increased, in the line spacing of 2 to 3 meters wide has formed a more shady environment, it is necessary to plant Xiyin Chinese herbal medicine varieties, such as dry Pinellia, Purple Hu, Araceae, Huanglian, Burdock, Cassia, independent living , Atractylodes, etc. For example, fruit farmers in Emeishan City, Sichuan Province, planted chuanxiong between fruit trees, and fruit growers in Garden Town of Santai County planted Ophiopogon japonicus in citrus groves. It is noteworthy that most Chinese herbal medicines are not suitable for continuous cropping. First, continuous cropping is prone to diseases and insects and production is reduced. For example, Atractylodes macrocephala and other crops cause white peony root disease and root rot. Second, continuous cropping is likely to cause lack of certain trace elements, affecting fruit trees and Chinese herbal medicine. The normal growth of wood. Therefore, change your cercaria every year or every other year, and choose a mouthwash suitable for the growth of Chinese herbal medicines. In addition, the intercropping system for farming management, water and fertilizer requirements are higher than the single, pay attention to the training of soil fertility. Mature fruit trees and intercropping patterns of Chinese medicinal materials After 5 years of growth of fruit trees, a relatively shady environment has been formed within the row spacing, and the transmittance is generally below 30%, providing natural growth conditions for Chinese herbal medicines that need to grow in such environments. For example, gastrodia elata in the ecological environment with a relatively high moisture content in cool and damp soil under autumn or spring planting is a better mode of fruit medicine intercropping. In the early stage of growth, the deciduous fruit leaves have fallen, Tianma points can get scattered light, raise the temperature, make the native bulb of the Tianma seeds germinate, can establish the nutrition relationship with the secrete bacteria in advance, grow and develop normally, and form a strong new life. hemp. During the mid-growth, as the temperature gradually rises, it is not suitable for the growth of Gastrodia. The fruit trees have formed thick branches and leaves to cool the Tianma. At the same time, the photosynthesis of the leaves releases a lot of oxygen for the growth of Gastrodia, which provides a cool shade for Gastrodia. , Humidity, adequate oxygen, suitable temperature environment. In the late growth period, Tianma gradually enters dormancy, and a large number of deciduous trees provide conditions for safe overwintering of Tianma. At present, in many mature fruit orchards in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Hubei, and Anhui provinces, the fruit and fruit intercropping model has been promoted and applied. The varieties of Chinese medicinal materials suitable for interplanting in adult fruit trees include Huanglian, Panax pseudoginseng, ginseng and Ganoderma lucidum.