The selection and matching technology of fine-type melons
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West melon is a traditional economic crop in Jiaxing City. The annual planting area is more than 200,000 mu. With the adjustment of agricultural structure and the continuous development of profitable agriculture, traditional varieties of melon can no longer meet the requirements of urban and rural residents, and the market is fiercely competitive. The traditional cultivation of melon melon economy The benefits have dropped. In recent years, we have introduced a number of boutique Western melon varieties, using greenhouses, small sheds to protect the land and post-autumn cultivation, research and promotion of supporting cultivation techniques, access to good economic and social benefits, and promising market prospects. The development momentum is faster. Now we will introduce the selection of varieties and related technologies as follows for reference by farmers. 1 species selection: watermelon should choose special Xiaofeng, Xiaolan, black beauty, dragon Prince, take bit and other varieties, melon should choose West Xiluotuo, Zhejiang Agricultural University No. 2, Elizabeth and other varieties. Variety characteristics are as follows: Te Xiaofeng: very early fruit type, high ball to micro long ball type, fruit weight about 1.5 kg, beautiful appearance, full fruit, neat fruit, thin skin, yellow flesh, meat is very tender and tender Shuang, sweet and succulent, excellent quality, very few seeds, poor peel toughness, impatience storage and transportation, stable plant growth, easy to set fruit, the result is many, generally 1500-3000 kg per mu. Xiaolan: Small yellow flesh watermelon, very early in life, the result is strong, fruit garden ball type to slightly long, skin color light green base green black narrow stripe spot, fruit weight 1.5-2 kg, bright yellow flesh meat, seeds are small Less is the main feature, is an improved variety of special Xiaofeng watermelon. Black beauty: very early birth, strong fertility, long oval fruit, dark green skin, there is no obvious black markings, the appearance of lovely and beautiful, fruit weight is often 2.5-3.5 kg, dark red flesh, succulent tender and juicy, sugar is 12 degrees The peel is thin and tough, very resistant to storage and transportation, and has a wide adaptability. It is well-cultivated in various soils, especially when it is cultivated in a warm and dry fall season, and it can exert its variety advantages. Dragon Prince: small fruit boutique watermelon, heat-resistant and ripe, strong disease resistance, strong growth, good results. The fruit is oval in shape and dark green with dark bands. The appearance of the United States, weighing about 1.5 kilograms of fruit, dark red pulp, the center of sugar 12-13, excellent quality, peel tough and resistant to storage and transportation. Takebit: very early watermelon varieties. Harvested in May, about 35 days after fruit set; in June, fruit can ripen about 30 days after fruit set. The fruit is oval in shape and has a fruit length of 20 cm and a fruit weight of about 2 kg. The flower skin is clear and fruit-shaped, and it is not easily deformed or produces empty fruit. The flesh is red, the skin is very thin, the edible degree is high, the flesh fiber is less, the sweetness is 12-13 degrees, sweet to the skin. The meat is both delicate and tight. Slightly larger leaves, good low temperature elongation, strong growth. Very fruitful. West Boluotuo (Zhe Nongda 2): special early-maturing high-quality, high-yield, white-fleshed, white-skinned muskmelon varieties, small leaves with shallow carvings, leaves with velvet hairs. The main vines have short internodes, collateralized results, and good low temperature fruit setting. Melon-shaped ball, single melon weight 1-1.5 kg, transparent melon skin white meat, commercial polarity. 35-40 days after flowering is suitable for harvesting. Sugar 16-18 degrees, superior taste, is currently the highest of its kind in the country. Elizabeth: A hybrid melon variety introduced from Japan. Strong resistance to disease, low temperature resistance, short internodes, robust growth, easy cultivation, good management, suitable for cultivation in protected areas, flowering to harvest for about 30 days. Fruit ball type, leather golden yellow, bright and beautiful, single fruit weight of about 0.8 kg, up to 1.5 kg or more, sugar degree of 14-16 degrees, meat white, fresh and delicious, fruit resistant to storage and transportation. 2 Supporting Techniques 2.1 Sowing and Seedling Cultivation: The planting period for greenhouse cultivation is from late December to late January, the cultivation period for small arch shelters is in early February, and the sowing period for late autumn cultivation is July. Immersion germination, germination temperature 25-30 °C, seedling temperature 30-35 °C emergence, seedlings after 20-25 °C, seedling age 40-50 days, watermelon leaves make 5-6 true leaves, melon 3 leaves 1 order. The seedbed is suitable for the use of electrothermal hotbeds. Nursery soil is artificially prepared (6 parts of Daetu soil + 4 parts of rotten rot) as a sterile nutrient soil to cultivate strong seedlings. New membrane seedlings must be used to seedlings. See light at noon, and must be released when the temperature is higher than 35°C. Appropriate temperature control, to prevent burning seedlings, appropriate spray foliar plant power 2003, etc., to prevent tall seedlings, pay attention to disease prevention at the seedling stage, can be used seedlings seedlings mud cover seed and other methods, before planting fully hardening seedlings. Planting density of 500 species per mu, such as black beauty, dragon prince, and bit-bit, 600-700 strains of Te Xiaofeng, Xiaolan and 1000-1200 strains of melon. 2.2 Fertilizer and water management: Fertilizer application is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, base fertilizer and supplemented by surface fertilizer; application of phosphorus and potash fertilizers, control of nitrogen fertilizer application, watermelon is generally used for cultivating 3000-4000 kg of fertilizer and 12-15 kg of phosphate fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer 8-10 kg, melon mu applied rot 4000-5000 kg of fertilizer, 50 kg of superphosphate, 120 kg of compound fertilizer. After planting till reaching vines, the melon seedling needs less water, and the amount of evaporation on the ground is also small. Watering should be controlled. Excessive water content will affect the elevation of the ground temperature and the growth of seedlings. With the increase of the outside temperature, water will be applied in combination with fertilization. The use of ventilation, ventilation, ventilation and other methods to regulate the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse, a week before and after flowering control of boil water to prevent plant growth, so that a balanced water supply, prevent cracking, to affect the quality of the West melon. 2.3 Pruning pollination fruit: watermelon using three vine pruning method, topping cultivation, Ziman results. Before and after colonization, leave 5-6 leaves topping, leaving three vines, and spread the vines to both sides. The rest of the vines are removed in batches, combined with artificial pollination or bee pollination, resulting in a second female flower in the vine. When the fruit grows to the size of the egg, the fruit is thinned, leaving 3 fruits per plant. Set fruit 15-20 days to carry out anti-fruit, and use dry straw to cover fruit, reduce the cracking of fruit. When the vine grows to the side of the pod, it needs to be manually led to grow to the base. The melon adopts the double vine pruning or the vine vine as the main vine single vine pruning method. When the seedling is 4-5 leaves, it picks up the heart, leaves the healthy Zhuangzi vine, and removes the excess vine vines in time. The vine vines 25-30 leaves topping and promote flowering. Combine artificial pollination in the 11th-15th branch of the vine. When the fruit grows to the size of the egg, the fruit is left as 4 fruits per plant, 2 vines per vine, and the node is moderate, and the result of the low node is appropriately maintained. Turn fruit fruit. 2.4 Late autumn cultivation techniques, management of seedlings in the late autumn in the high temperature season, after the seeding cover silver grey or green nylon gauze. Water control after emergence, noon shading, seedling age 20 days, until the seedlings clover colonization, planting election cloudy days or afternoon, with silver gray reflective film for the film, both heat and drive maggots, planting 2-3 days after the cover Shade net, control nitrogen fertilizer application, prevent leggy, after the fruit set, to prevent high temperature and drought, not water shortage, if overgrowth, appropriate topping. Before and after National Day, a large film of greenhouse film shall be covered to prevent dark frost. 2.5 Disease and Insect Pest Control: The main diseases are seedling damping-off, damping-off, blight, blight, anthracnose, and virus diseases. The main pests are ground tigers, aphids, and other hazards. In the initial stage of pests and diseases, the following kinds of disease prevention and control methods should be used to prevent and control in time. During the seedling stage, damping-off disease and blight: 30% of the seedlings are 500 times more rainy. Fusarium wilt: Rotation seeding, seed soaking at 55°C for 15 minutes or 70% thiophanate-methyl 400-500 times, 40% meloncurcine 1000 times spray protection, 40% treatment wilt, 1000 times, melon vegetable weight herbicide, withered rick Water and other roots. Anthracnose, blight: 70% mancozeb 500-600 times, 78% Cobo 500-600 times, 80% spray g-600-800 times, 75% Kokonin 600-800 times spray protection, pay attention to exclude Water, reduce humidity. Viral disease: virus a, virus k400-500 times, lobular enemy 500 times spray defense. Locust: Once on the net 2500 times spray defense. The flowering period advocates spraying after 3 pm to increase the fruit setting rate. 2.6 Harvesting and packing: According to the date of pollination, the skin color of the fruit pattern, comprehensive judgment of the appropriate harvest period, generally should be harvested in the early morning and stored in a cool place. In view of the above-mentioned finest type of sweet melon, it is necessary to use a foam net wrapper, carton packaging and listing, according to the standard classification, and strive to play the brand, increase market competitiveness.