Main tea sucking pest control technology
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With the development of tea production, tea pests have become more ecological. According to the survey, there are more than 40 types of tea pests that are harmful to tea pests. Among them, the occurrence of sucking pests such as pseudo-eye small green leafhoppers, blackthorn mealybugs, tea aphids, and tea orange meal seriously affects the high quality and high yield of tea. The pests are hidden, the insects are small, the generations overlap, and the reproduction speed is fast. Both the adults and the nymphs can absorb tea sap and hinder the normal transportation of the tea tree nutrients, the photosynthetic efficiency of the damaged tea tree decreases, the germination density decreases, and the budding ability is poor. Late sprouting, tea growth stopped. Black thorn whitefly and aphids also excrete honeydew, resulting in the generation of coal bacteria, inducing coal diseases, causing worms to become catastrophes, and seriously affecting the yield and quality of tea. Therefore, it is an important measure to ensure the quality and high yield of tea gardens by grasping the prevention and control of sucking pests of tea trees. 1. Characteristics of punctured pests 1.1. Empoasca vitis (Gothe): Tea leaves are small green leafhoppers of the order Homoptera, leafhoppers, adults, and nymphs are clearly tender and plentiful. On the back of the young leaves suck juice hazards. The nymphs are photophobia, fear of wetness, rainy days, dew does not dry and inactive, and they transform from Pengpian to Peng Nei at noon on sunny days. They have the habit of laying eggs sparingly in batches. In particular, the oviposition period of overwintering adults can be as long as 1 month. Therefore, there is a serious phenomenon of overlapping and intricate forms of generations. The tea-leaf tea-leaved crickets occur on average 9-10 generations a year in Jinyun County, where adults pass winter on tea plants or on winter crops and weeds. The overwintering adults began their activities in mid-March and spawned in late March. The first generation of larvae thrived in early April and then occurred every 15 days to 30 days. Until the middle of November, breeding was stopped and generations overlapped. In the middle and low-altitude tea areas, the insects showed a double-peak growth and there were two obvious population peaks in the spring and summer tea season from late May to early July and autumn tea season from late August to early October. Among them, the previous worm volume was about 1.5 times the amount of the next worm. The high-altitude tea area is characterized by good ecological environment, stable bio-community, and a single-peak type of population, and the ecological potential is significantly lighter than that of low-altitude tea gardens. Occurrence of leafhoppers is closely related to temperature and rainfall. Low-temperature tea gardens are cold in winter, with early spring temperatures returning quickly, and the wintering population has a high base number. The first peak comes early, and there are two obvious peaks in the whole year. For example, in early spring of 2000, the first generation was relocated in the middle of April, and the main peak appeared in mid-June, causing heavy losses in the second round of summer tea. In addition, the canopy of the tea garden is large in size, dense in buds, and closed in growth, leaving more leaves and weeds, all of which are beneficial to the occurrence of false eyelids. 1.2 Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance): This worm is a major pest that occurs in a wide range of tea areas in Jinyun County. In recent years, tea plants frequently used high concentrations of chrysanthemum pesticides to kill a large number of insects. The pest's natural enemies lost control of the blackthorn whiteflies and led to years of disasters. In the fourth generation of black locust whitefly, the mature larvae overwintered in the leaves of tea leaves in the winter and the larvae in March of the following year. In mid-April, the adult larvae emerged. The first generation larvae began to occur in late April. The 1st to the 4th generation of larvae were found in late May, late July, late August and late September to early October. The ecological environment of the black thorny whitefly is in the mature tea garden with more lower leaves in the lower part of the tea grove. The population of worms in tea awnings is mostly below the upper part and less in the upper part. Black thorn whitefly is larvae sucking tea tree into old leaf sap. Harmful when the tea bud stops germinating, tree vigor is weak, and a large number of fallen leaves, its excrement also induces coal pollution, resulting in a black tea-leaf. 1.3 Acophy Uatheae Watt]: tea orange pods are larvae and juveniles, and if the locusts suck tea sap, the damaged leaves are dull and pale yellow, the main veins of the leaves are red, and brown rust spots appear on the leaves. The buds have shrunk and the buds have stopped growing. Tea orange borer occurs more than 20 generations a year, and various pods are overwintering in the leaves of tea. Almost all of the tea plants are distributed in the middle and upper parts of the tea plant. In Jinyun, there are generally 2-3 obvious peaks of locust damage, which occur in mid-late and late May, late June and 8-10 months respectively, and the summer and autumn tea period is the most serious one. The influence of temperature on the population size of tea orange borer is quite obvious. The optimum temperature for its growth is 18-25°C. High temperature drought and heavy rainfall inhibit the breeding, resulting in a decline in the number of populations. Rainy days, little rainfall, and sunny and sunny climate are favorable. For the growth and reproduction of worms, the rainfall and relative humidity in January affected the sooner or later peak of spring pod damage and its peak shape. 1,4 Tea Toad [ToxopteraourantiiBoyer]: The worm can overwinter without wings and eggs, and there is no apparent overwintering in the plain tea garden. From March to March, damage began to occur. In early May, the peak was reached. Since then, the insect population has gradually declined with rising temperatures. By the end of September to mid-October, the population has gradually recovered, and the autumn weather has become the second one. peak. Camellia tends to be green and strong, and gathers on the back of new shoots and sucks sap from tender stems, with the largest amount of insects on the first and second leaves of shoots. In early spring, the larvae in the lower part of the tea groves were more tender. After spring, they gradually migrated to the buds of the platoon. The amount of worms in the summer fell sharply, and in autumn the pods were harmed again. The breeding rate of the tea aphids is fast and their fertility is strong. Under suitable conditions, disasters can occur in a short period of time, causing the tea buds to shrink and become depleted. The damaged tea leaves become dark brown in the tea, turbid in the soup, and taint, seriously affecting tea yield and quality. . 2. Prevention and control measures 2.1 Strengthen agricultural cultivation techniques 2.1.1 Tea garden fitness cultivation: For the tea gardens with thin soil and weak tea growth, soil improvement must be carried out. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to improve the fertility of the tea garden. For densely planted tea gardens, do a good job of cutting Taiwan, cut pests and branches, thin and weak branches, and legged branches to make the tea trees light and airy, enhance the resilience of tea plants, and suppress or reduce pest damage. Every year in late October, a comprehensive deep-turning soil will be applied. 80-150kg of vegetable cake will be applied per acre. The annual top dressing will be divided into spring fertilizer, summer fertilizer, and autumn and winter fertilizer three times. Based on urea, the ratio will be 2:1:1. With phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. 2.1.2 Picking in time and in batches: Young sprouts are concentrated pests of various pests, especially false-eye small green leafhopper eggs, nymphs, tea orange borers, and tea aphids. Appropriately increasing picking times can increase tea yield. At the same time, it worsens the food conditions of the pests and can artificially eliminate a large number of pests. 2.1.3 Removal of weeds: Weeds not only compete with tea trees for nutrients, but also are habitats for pests. Use of chemical weeding methods to remove weeds can worsen the habitat of pests and reduce the number of insects. Herbicides can be used with 41% of Roundup 200ml/mu or 20% of Gramoxone 250ml/mu with water of 50-60kg, and directed spray on the tea plantation. 2.2 Protection and utilization of natural enemies and emphasis on biological control Many kinds of natural enemies of tea pests have been investigated. According to preliminary investigations, there are more than 20 species of predatory spiders, 25 species of predatory insects, 8 species of parasitoids, and 10 species of parasites. Under natural conditions, it has a good control over the population of sucking pests. Therefore, the frequency of pesticide application and the amount of pesticides in tea plantations should be minimized, and high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue biological and plant-derived pesticides should be selected. The pesticides should be used within the appropriate period of control according to the prevention and control indicators to protect and promote the reproduction of natural enemies, and to give full play to natural enemies. Control effect. 2.3 Scientific and rational use of pesticides, pseudo-eyes, small green leafhoppers, summer tea, 5-6 leaflet insects, 10-12 leaflet insects during autumn tea, black cockroaches, 15-20 leaflet insects, tea orange The number of worms is about 20, and the rate of eucalyptus is 50%-70%. The rate of pods in tea pods is about 10%. There are tea gardens where the average number of wormholes in the second leaf is more than 15 tea plants. Conduct prevention and treatment. Pharmaceutics available: 10% imidacloprid WPl5-25g per acre, or 50% phoxim EC75-100ml, or 2.5% cyhalothrin EC15-20ml, or 25% buzuoling WP25-30g, or 40% Dimethoate EC75~ 10ml, watering 50-75kg fine spray, have good control effect on false eye small green leafhopper, blackthorn whitefly, tea alum. The safety intervals for the above-mentioned agents are lOdays, 5days, 6days, 14days, and lOdays, and 15% fast-acting ketone EC25-30ml, or 1.8% alfalfa light EC20ml, or 25% can be used per tea per mu. Bu Xi Ling 30g watered 50-75kg fine spray. The safety interval corresponds to 14 days, 7 days and 14 days. Non-picked tea gardens and autumn tea harvesting can be completed in the early winter with 0.3-0.5 degree Baume lime sulfur, together with the weeds near the tea garden, a full spray seal garden, 50-75 kg per mu of tea garden spray liquid, on tea plantations The sucking pests have remarkable control effects and can effectively control the number of overwintering populations and reduce the occurrence of pests in the following year.