Cut flower gerbera planting points
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Gerbera jamesonii is a gerbera of Gerbera jamesonii. It is a genus of gerbera belonging to the genus Asteraceae. It is native to South Africa and is a perennial evergreen herb with a rosette plexus. The flower head is very rich in flower color. The planting condition of the flower gerbera is appropriate, and it can bloom year-round. There are potted plants and cut flowers. Warm weather in winter and cool in summer. Requires good drainage, rich in humus, fertile soil, and a pH of 6-6.5. In cut flower cultivation, tissue culture is generally used for propagation. Second, the cultivation of soil 1. Soil structure Gerbera soil requirements are not strict, in order to ensure the product's yield and quality, to loose air, humus-rich sandy loam soil is more ideal, the soil should have a certain permeability, for the sand For soils that are too high, black peat can be added to increase fertilizer and water storage capacity. For soils that are too sticky, perlite, plant straws, and chaffs should be added to increase the porosity. 2. Soil pH The optimum pH for Gerbera is 6.0-6.5. Higher pH plants will deplete soil from manganese or iron, and lower pH will cause deterioration of the soil structure. The soil acidity is too large, lime powder can be used to adjust, alkaline too large, vinegar residue can be adjusted. 3. Groundwater level The land on which gerbera is planted must be well drained and have a stable groundwater level. If the water level is too high, it will cause rot, wilting, premature death, etc. Therefore, in the vicinity of the gerbera cultivation site, there should be a 70-100 cm deep drainage ditch, in order to ensure smooth drainage and avoid planting gerbera in a place where it is too low. 4. Soil Disinfection The soil in which gerbera was planted in the first year may not be sterilized, but the gerbera planted in the previous crop must be sterilized because pathogens harmful to various mold diseases of gerbera will survive in the soil. Disinfection methods include steam sterilization, methyl bromide gas disinfection, and formaldehyde disinfection. At present, formaldehyde is more widely promoted in China. The specific method is to use a 30-fold dilution of industrial formaldehyde (about 1% concentration) for ground pouring. The usage amount is 10-15 kg/m2. After pouring the medicine, cover the plastic film for smoldering. After two weeks, remove the film. After removing the film, allow the formaldehyde gas to fully spread out and rinse with water. After several times of rinsing, the total amount of water shall not be less than 100 liters per square meter. Planting of seedlings may be carried out after two weeks. 5. After leveling the land and eliminating the poison, the land must be leveled. For the washed soil, it should not be too early to start leveling the land. The land where gerbera is planted needs to be deep-turned over 30 centimeters, and 2-3 tons of manure per acre is to be cooked. After a period of weathering, the ditch will be used as a dive, and the north-south direction will generally be 30 centimeters high, 60-80 centimeters wide and wide. 70-80 cm. If possible, a cultivation tank can be built to prevent soil salinization and high groundwater levels. The cultivation tank is generally 60-80 cm wide and 40-60 cm high. 6. Soil warming For the growth of gerbera, the soil heating is optional, but warming can get better results: (1) Plants easily rooted after planting, followed by rapid growth; (2) winter high yield (3) It is less affected by fungal diseases in the soil; (4) It can increase the diameter of flower and stem. The way to warm the soil is to bury a hotline or lay a steam pipe at a depth of 20cm below the ground. The distance between the pipes is 70-80cm and it is buried in the soil at a depth of 50cm. To prevent root damage, the water temperature in the pipeline must be controlled at 40°C. About, but the system's investment is large. Third, the colonization 1. Planting time Gerbera is a year-round flowering plant, can be planted throughout the year, but from the perspective of production and sales, in order to reach the first flowering period in October is appropriate, at a temperature above 20 °C Under conditions, gerbera can be harvested about 5-6 months after colonization. Therefore, the period of 4-5 months is an ideal period for planting, and it can be advanced slightly. 2. Density of Planting Density The density of planting has a great influence on the cut flower yield and quality of gerbera. According to different varieties and different planting years, different planting densities are required, usually two rows per bed, and staggered planting. One-year-old gargle, the number of leaves per plant is small, density can be appropriately higher, 8-9 plants per square meter can be planted; two or three-year-old gargle, single plant with large diameter, many leaves, 5-6 plants can be planted per square meter, Line spacing 25-30 cm, spacing 30 cm. 3. Planting methods Rooted gerbera seedlings should be planted in greenhouses immediately after they are transported, especially if they are to be placed in a hot or windy environment before transplanting. When planting, pay attention to the shallow planting. The planting depth of each seedling should be the same. The heart and the leaves of the plant should be level with the soil or slightly higher than the soil surface. If the planting is too deep, it is prone to fungal diseases, and the planting is too shallow. It's easy to pull the plant loose. If the temperature exceeds 30°C, transplanting should be done in the early morning or early evening. Minimize damage to roots and leaves as much as possible. IV. Management after Planting 1. Small seedling management The seedlings must be carefully managed after planting. Since the seedlings themselves are relatively fragile, the roots, stems and leaves are susceptible to damage during transplanting, and a good environment is required to restore growth. Therefore, one day after planting, one permeable perfusion is required. On the one hand, the water content of the soil can be increased, which is beneficial to the absorption of moisture; on the Other hand, the contact between the root system and the soil particles can be promoted. Then, pay attention to maintain the appropriate temperature and humidity. The seedlings can be sprayed with sprinklers to wet the entire cultivation bed to increase the humidity around the plants and improve the microclimate around the plants. In early spring and early morning, appropriate insulation is needed. When the temperature exceeds 25°C, ventilation and cooling should be performed in time. The sunny days should be shaded properly. After planting, check every day and remove the diseased plants in time to make up for the strong seedlings in time. At the same time, pay attention to removing the soil that covers the neck of the seedlings. Seedling water management should not be too wet or too dry. After the seedlings have survived, a small amount of nutrient solution with low concentration may be applied to promote rooting and long leaves. 2. Seedling management If the temperature is appropriate, about one month after planting, Gerbera can enter the vigorous growth period. The management of this period should be based on climatic conditions. If it is appropriate to grow in spring and autumn, big fertilizers should promote growth. If it has entered the high temperature period in summer or the cold period in winter, it is mainly to protect the roots, control the watering appropriately, control the nitrogenous fertilizer, increase the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and timely remove the old leaves. In summer, when the light intensity is too strong, proper shading is required. 3. Flowering management After the plants enter the flowering stage, on the one hand, the flower stems are elongated and the flower opening needs a lot of nutrients. On the other hand, if the leaves are too luxuriant, proper growth control is required. The quality of flowering management has a great influence on the production and quality of flowers. In the early stage of flowering, the accumulation of nutrients is small, and the flowers are fine and weak. At this time, it is not appropriate to leave flowers. To maintain the balance of plant nutrients and ensure sufficient nutrient growth, the buds should be removed in time and the yellow, mosaic and diseased leaves should be removed to reduce nutrients. Consumption. Generally, 25 leaves per plant are left to adjust the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in flowering time. Too many flowering stems and buds should also be promptly removed. When picking, the leaves should be preserved, and the reserved buds should have a gradient in the degree of development. In order to be able to flower in order, a balanced listing. In the summer flowering period, attention should be paid to the shade and ventilation, and in the winter flowering period, the heat preservation and heating should be paid attention to, especially to prevent the temperature difference between day and night being too large, so as to reduce the generation of malformed flowers. When watering and fertilizing, do not water from the center of the leaf plexus, otherwise it may cause disease. V. Irrigation In the initial stage of growth, sprinkler irrigation can be used. When the leaves cover the ground, sprinkler irrigation is stopped. Instead, water is applied from the leaf surface or drip irrigation is performed using a skin tube. Drip irrigation can be used after transplanting for two weeks. Each irrigation volume is 0.075-0.1 liters, preferably watered in the morning so that the plant leaves have enough time to dry before the evening. Sixth, the normal development of fertilized Gerbera individual plants, the dry matter accumulation and total nutrient consumption as much as roses, and even more than carnations. Fertilizer supply should be constantly adjusted according to the different stages of plant growth. In the stage of seedlings, it does not require too much nutrients, and soluble liquid fertilizers that are easy to absorb are used. As plants grow, more and more nutrients, especially nitrogen, are needed. Spring and summer seasons should increase the amount of fertilizer and the frequency of fertilization. In late autumn and winter, the amount of fertilizer used should be reduced, but the proportion of potash should be increased to promote plant growth and robustness. 7. Harvest When the petal of gerbera has been fully developed, the outermost two- or three-circle tubular flowers on the flower disk have been opened, which indicates that the flower can be harvested, and some heavy-petal types must be harvested when the flowers are more mature. Premature harvesting, the petals are difficult to spread, and the preservation period is significantly shorter at night. When picking, use the hand to grasp the stem and pull it outwards, so that the stem is cut off from the root neck, and do not use a knife to cut or cut. After harvesting, the stem should be immersed in fresh liquid immediately and placed in a cool place. VIII. Pest Control 1. Diseases (1) Botrytis cinerea is most susceptible to such diseases when the air humidity is high (in winter and spring or when planting is too dense). The symptoms are spots on the flowers (gray patches). The center of the flower rots, showing a gray-brown, dust-like fungal fur. Control methods: Watering from below the crown of the plant; watering below the flowers; to prevent water vapour from condensing on the flowers, the temperature in the greenhouse should gradually increase, and do not increase abruptly; remove the densely planted and densely-dense leaves. Chemical control. (2) Blight is also called root rot. It is the most harmful disease to Gerbera. The pathogen is Fusarium, and it often invades through the fracture of the root and stem. Symptoms: The leaves begin to yellow, and then turn red-brown to gray-brown, and then died on a piece-by-piece basis. The rhizomes turn black and rotten. Occasionally, pink conidia may be seen. Once the disease occurs, the plants often die. Control methods: Do a good job of soil disinfection; plant as shallow as possible, so that the root is higher than the soil surface 1. 0-1.5 cm or the use of perlite and other sterile matrix; regular spraying of young plantlets; pay attention to control of soil moisture, especially When the temperature is lower than 15°C, the soil cannot be too wet; the diseased plants are destroyed in time. 2. Insect pests (1) Locust worms will deform the leaves. They often occur at the seedling stage and early flowering stage. They secrete certain substances and become the host of the growth and development of certain fungi. When the damage is severe, the plants will die and die. (2) Whitefly will soon appear whitefly after planting, especially in the summer, through the ventilation equipment into the greenhouse. The whitefly's life cycle is only a few days, especially when the weather is warm. Therefore, the killing should be carried out every 2-4 days. (3) Occurrence of white spots on leaves of leaf miners or damage to larvae on leaves of leaves of leaf miners. The complete life cycle of the leaf miner (from egg to adult) takes about 24 days, and it should be sprayed once every 7 days for prevention, and twice for every 7 days for treatment. It can also be controlled with armyworm paper. (4) In the dry season, Starscream is most likely to occur. Larvae like to eat young leaves and young buds, adults like to eat the old leaves, and spawn on the back of the leaf. The plants that are endangered are characterized by contraction and hardening of the leaves, loss of luster on the leaves, yellowish-brown foliage, deformed petals, and many small white spots. (5) The pests of the hummer will cause white patches or small strips on the ray flowers, the flower head may also be deformed, and silver-gray spots may also be seen on the leaves. Dichlorvos available fumigation control. Nine, other if it is planted, usually water will wash away the dirt, making the neck exposed, so we must pay attention to regular ditch, mulch on the soil, fixed plants. (Source: China Flower News, Li Jun)