Cultivation technology of open field zucchini

Taking advantage of the cold climate in high altitude areas, it is produced in the open field in summer, planted at the end of May to early June, and started to be marketed from late July to early August. At this time, the national zucchini market is off-season, with an average output of 667 square meters and more than 4,000 kg. Can achieve output value of about 1500 yuan.

1 Variety selection

Tianyu zucchini from the French company Tezier. Resistant to viruses (watermelon mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, zucchini yellow spot virus), long stick-shaped melon, medium-green peel, good commerciality, plant spread, medium growth, high yield.

2 cultivation techniques

2.1 Preparation before cultivation

2.1.1 Selecting the plot: The plot should be a fertile loam that has not been planted with melons before, and has good irrigation and drainage.

2.1.2 Fertilization for site preparation: 3-5 m3 of fully decomposed organic fertilizer shall be applied every 667 square meters, potassium sulfate three-element compound fertilizer or diammonium phosphate produced by the United States above 80 kg, and potassium nitrate compound fertilizer produced by Israel or Chile 50 Over kilograms. 1.5-2.5 kg of trace elements. Generally, a combination of ground spreading and furrowing fertilization is used. 60% of the fertilizer is spread on the ground. After 30 cm deep leveling and leveling, the remaining fertilizer is ditched according to the planned row spacing and mixed with the soil. . For the serious soil pests in the soil, we should also add some "soil pests to kill" to reduce the harm of pests.

2.1.3 Cultivation of ridges: Lines are made according to a ridge distance of 180 cm, and ridges are lined up. The average height of the ridges is 15 cm to form a slope with an internal height and low outside, which is easy to cover with plastic film. . On the high ridge beside the ditch, the planting distance is 50 cm, and triangular planting is carried out.

2.2 Cultivate strong seedlings

2.2.1 Seed soaking and germination: Soak the seeds in warm water at 30 ° C for 4-6 hours, remove the dry seed coat, wrap with a wet towel, and germinate at 28-30 ° C. When the young shoots grow to 0.2- On demand at 0.4 cm. If you have no experience in promoting germination, you can directly sow dried seeds.

2.2.2 Preparation of nutrient soil: The nutrient soil should be prepared from disease-free soil and high-quality farm manure that have not been planted with melons for many years. The ratio of organic fertilizer to soil is generally between 3: 7-4: 6. It should be noted that the farm manure must be fully decomposed, the organic fertilizer must be thoroughly mixed with the original soil and sieved, then filled into a 10 cm x 10 cm nutrition bowl, packed and pressed, leaving a part of the space for covering the soil, and then irrigating Infiltration, add an appropriate amount of pesticides (phoxim, etc.) to the water to control underground pests at the seedling stage, and spray a layer of 3000 times Luheng No. 1 after the water seeps down to prevent seedling diseases.

2.2.3 Seedling raising: Use small arch sheds for seedling raising. In general, the planting time in high-cold areas should be controlled in the middle and late May. Premature sowing is prone to frost damage, sowing is too late, and it cannot be marketed in time. When sowing, the seeds are placed in the middle of the shoveled nutrition bowl, and after sowing, they are covered with a layer of wet fine soil of about 2 cm, covered with a plastic film to protect the insects, and covered with insect nets to prevent insect-borne virus diseases.

2.2.4 Temperature management: Keep high temperature after sowing, day temperature 25-30 ° C, night temperature 18-20 ° C, suitable ground temperature between 22-24 ° C, relative humidity 80% -90%, generally 3-4 days can Emergence. After the seedlings were unearthed, the temperature was appropriately reduced and ventilation was started. The temperature was maintained at about 25 ° C during the day and 13-14 ° C at night. From the first true leaf to 8-10 days before planting, the night temperature can be reduced to 10-12 ° C.

2.2.5 Water management: In the case of foot water pouring, watering is generally not used. If the water is dry, the sprayer can be used to spray water appropriately. 8-10 days before planting, it is necessary to cool down and refine the seedlings. 15-25 ° C during the day and 6-8 ° C at night, making it similar to the open field environment.

2.3 Planting: Spray "Aktai" or "Clean once" on the seedbed before planting to prevent aphids and whitefly. Seedlings with 2 leaves and 1 heart are selected and planted in a timely manner on a sunny morning, according to a large row of 140 cm, a small row of 40 cm, a plant spacing of 50 cm, and about 1500 plants are planted in 667 square meters. Make better use of space, increase ventilation and light transmittance, use water to settle, seal tightly and straighten the seedlings after the water seeps down. Covering with a black weed control film can reduce field humidity while maintaining soil moisture and reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases.

2.4 Management after colonization

2.4.1 Pre-fruiting management: From planting to 20-25 days before fruit-planting, the main purpose is to control water, promote roots, hair seedlings, and prevent long legs, cultivate strong seedlings, and lay a foundation for high yield in the later stage. According to the growth of the seedlings, the seedling water can be poured once after planting, and at the same time, 500 kg of manure and urine or 10-15 kg of ammonium nitrate per 667 square meters can be applied with the water according to the condition of the bottom fertilizer. But this water should not be too large. After irrigating the seedlings with water, it should be cultivated 2 or 3 times in order to raise the ground temperature and promote roots and strong seedlings. Don't hurt the root during ploughing. Because the root of zucchini is easy to lignify, it is difficult to re-root after it is broken. During this period, it is generally not watered, otherwise it will cause the plants to grow too long, which will cause flowers and fruits to fall. However, in the case of excessive drought or lack of fertilizer, appropriate watering and fertilization should be applied, otherwise the seedlings will be thin, flowering prematurely and excessively, resulting in small melons, reduced yield and poor quality. Depending on the situation of the seedlings, if it is too long, you can spray 50% dwarfing solution 600 times to prevent it from becoming too long. If there are too many melons on the seedlings and the phenomenon of falling seedlings, you need to timely remove some young melons.

2.4.2 Fruit Management

Fertilizer and water management: When the root melon grows to 10 cm, it can be watered once with topdressing. Apply 10-15 kg of diammonium or three-element compound fertilizer every 667 square meters. After the root melon is harvested, the second topdressing is combined with watering when the second melon expands, and potassium sulfate or three elements are applied every 667 square meters. 20-25 kg of compound fertilizer, combined with picking melons in the future, chasing once every 2 times, diammonium or three-element compound fertilizer, watering once every 3-5 days.

Plant adjustment: Zucchini cultivation should be induced in open field, that is, the branch vines are pulled in the same direction in the field, so that the branch vines are arranged in an orderly manner, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission. If the vegetative growth is weak, it is necessary to sparse fruit in time to prevent falling seedlings and turning into melons, and timely remove diseased and old leaves, increase ventilation and light transmission, and reduce the occurrence of diseases.

Artificially-assisted pollination: If male flowers are less open and fruit setting is difficult, artificial pollination is also required.

Timely harvesting: Zucchini continue to produce fruit on a main vine. If the lower part of the melon is not harvested in time, it will not only affect the growth of the young melon in the upper part, but also cause the melon. Therefore, the only way to improve the recovery rate is to harvest more young melon Is the way to obtain high quality and high yield. Zucchini harvesting * takes place in the morning. Be careful not to damage the melon seedlings when harvesting, and do not omit the young melon that should be harvested.

2.5 Disease and Pest Control

2.5.1 Pest control: Pay attention to the control of aphids, whitefly, Bemisia tabaci and Liriomyza sativae.

Aphids are sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 5-10 g / 667 square meters, or 80% dichlorvos EC 1500-2000 times liquid, or 2.5% deltamethrin EC 1000-1500 times liquid, pay attention to the back of the leaves when spraying Spray evenly.

Whitefly and Bemisia tabaci are sprayed with 10% imidacloprid or 3% acetamiprid wettable powder 1000-1500 times liquid or 25% aktec water granules 3000-5000 times liquid.

Liriomyza sativae was mastered before the second instar of larvae, using 1.8% avermectin EC 3000 times liquid, or 5% Regent suspension, using 17-34 ml per 667 square meters, and spraying with 50-75 liters of water.

2.5.2 Disease control: Attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of downy mildew, epidemic disease and virus disease, timely prevention and treatment in the early stage of disease, removal of diseased and residual leaves, severe removal of whole plants, and removal outside the field for destruction.

For downy mildew, use 72.2% of PLEX water solution 800 times liquid, or 72% of gram dew wettable powder 800 times liquid, or 69% Anch manganese zinc wettable powder 500-1000 times liquid, or 72% grams of anti-wetability Powder 800 times liquid spray.

The method of disease control is the same as downy mildew.

For viral diseases, spray 5% bacteriostatic water 400 times liquid, or 0.5% anti-toxic agent No. 1 water 300 times liquid or 20% poison bust wettable powder 400-500 times liquid.

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