Prevention and Control of Several Physiological Diseases of Tomato

In tomato production in recent years, due to improper cultivation and management, more and more physiological diseases on the fruits, stems and leaves, these diseases have a great impact on the yield, quality and economic benefits of the tomato.

One, umbilical rot disease (black navel)

From the beginning of fruit development to coloring, the top of the fruit is centered on the bottom of the stigma. The initial appearance is dark green with water-immersion, and later it turns brown and dark brown, but it does not decay and sinks inwards. But there is no commodity value.

1. Reason: During fruit enlargement, especially after flowering, insufficient supply of calcium to the fruit. Excessive dry soil temperatures, excessive nitrogen fertilizers, and acidic soils all impede the absorption of calcium by the roots, which can cause the disease to occur.

2. Control: Apply more organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium should be a reasonable mix, not partial nitrogen fertilizer. Appropriate additional calcium fertilizer to avoid the soil is too dry or too wet, acid soil can be adjusted with lime (mu 50 to 100 kg). In addition, 0.5% calcium chloride solution can be used to spray the leaves and fruits at the seedling stage, spraying once every 10 days, and spraying 2 to 3 times.

Second, the Umbilical split fruit (dew disease)

In the early stage of fruit development, the peel in the fruit part was irregularly shaped and the tissue and seed of the embryo seat were exposed. With the enlargement of the fruit, the part of the umbilical cord fissures also increased.

1. Cause: The main reason is that the humidity is too low (below 8°C) and the style is cracked during flower bud differentiation.

2. Control: To select low-temperature resistant varieties, during the flower bud differentiation to prevent the temperature is too low, the required daily temperature above 20 °C, night temperature above 10 °C.

Third, empty fruit (empty fruit)

The development of the pericarp and the interior of the fruit is unbalanced, and the poor development of the fruit embryonic seat and the hollow between the fruit wall. The shape of the empty fruit is angular, and there are few fruit umbilicals in the fruit, and there are almost no seeds.

1. Reasons: High temperatures increase immature pollen and do not fertilize normally, resulting in only the development of the fruit wall and poor embryonic development of seedless tomatoes. Irrespective of plant growth and fruit setting, the use of somatotropin to treat immature flowers or excessive drought during flowering and fruit setting can cause fruit hypertrophy and impede water supply, which will increase the occurrence of empty fruit.

2. Control: The concentration of growth hormone should be appropriate, the method should be correct, and the temperature should be prevented from being too high or too low during flowering to avoid abnormal pollination and fertilization. Timely fruit thinning, strengthen water and fertilizer management, and avoid drought and water shortages.

Four, rot (black skin disease)

Reef rot is a physiological disease that occurs during fruit coloring. The surface of the fruit showed a sharp uneven coloration of red and green; the inner surface of the peel became brown or dark brown, and the endoderm and fruit umbilical of the fruit were basically normal.

1. Reasons: Insufficient sunshine during fruit enlargement, high temperature and humidity, less nitrogen and more potassium, night temperature is too high, excessive density can easily lead to the occurrence of tendon rot.

2. Control: Improve lighting conditions, increase light; reasonably close planting to make the fruit receive light directly; during fruit enlargement, apply less nitrogen fertilizer and more potassium fertilizer; if branches and leaves are too luxuriant, some leaves can be cut off around the ear to make the fruit have a certain space. Both air and light, but also reduce humidity. At the same time selected varieties of anti-reinforced rot.

Five, pointed fruit (peach fruit)

The umbilicus protrudes and its shape is peach-shaped.

1. Cause: Caused by the high concentration of auxin (or rosin) or 2,4-D.

2. Control: The use of anti-droplet or 2,4-D spray must be used according to different varieties of different concentrations, and at the same time can not be lack of water.

Six, open the window stalk

During the fertility period, near the 3rd to 4th inflorescences of the plants, the stem segments were shortened, showing brown scallops, and the top buds were stagnant, and then the stems were also tightened and cracked. In severe cases, the holes were broken into open windows.

1. Reason: Due to high temperature or low temperature, boron can not be fully distributed to the growing point. Excessive nitrogenous fertilizer and excessive potassium and calcium nutrients also hinder the absorption of boron and cause the incoordination of the plants to cause the boron to be distributed less than the top bud or inflorescence. The increase in auxin in these parts of the growing point, stimulated by the cell division.

2. Control: Avoid excessive nitrogen application. Take care to prevent the absorption of boron. If "window stalk" occurs, side shoots are used instead of main shoots, and 0.2% borax aqueous solution is sprayed at the same time. If the soil is deficient in boron, 0.25 kilograms of boron fertilizer will be applied per acre. Mixing with fine soil or applying acupuncture points will cause fertilizer damage if the boron is applied excessively.

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