Nanomaterials are expected to extend the life of artificial joints
Release date: 2008-01-30 Nanomaterials are expected to prolong the life of artificial joints. Osteoarticular diseases are one of the main factors affecting human health. In order to improve joint function and improve the quality of life of patients, artificial joint replacement is a common treatment. At present, artificial joints such as the hip joint, which are widely used in clinical practice, are mostly made of a metal material such as a titanium alloy, and are manufactured according to the structure, shape, and function of the human joint. After artificial joint replacement surgery, the wear of the prosthesis is often caused by the wear debris of the joint wear, the stress shielding and the poor joint of the bone and joint interface. Therefore, researching a new generation of implant materials and enhancing the interaction between bone tissue and implanted prosthesis is of great significance for effectively preventing the loosening of the prosthesis and promoting the long-term stability of the artificial prosthesis.
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Zhang Xiaonong, a member of the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, prepared a surface structure of a new type of porous nanocrystals on medical titanium materials, and conducted in vitro experiments with the orthopedic researchers such as Jiang Wei and the affiliated Sixth People's Hospital. The biological characteristics of osteoblasts on the surface of nano-titanium alloy were studied. The adhesion growth of osteoblasts on different materials was observed by fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and RT-PCR. The results show that compared with ordinary titanium alloys, nano-surface titanium alloy can promote the adhesion of osteoblasts, promote the close adhesion and early fusion of osteoblasts, and effectively reduce or delay the loosening of the prosthesis.
The research results provide a new direction for the application of nanotechnology to implantable devices such as artificial joints. The related papers were published in the first issue of the 2008 Science Bulletin.
"Artificial joints are artificial joints designed according to the structure, shape and function of human joints to replace damaged or diseased joints." Zhang Xiaonong said, "The artificial joints currently used in clinical practice mostly use titanium alloys, etc. Made of materials, foreign manufacturers also add bioceramic coating on metal artificial hip joint to enhance bone ingrowth effect and prolong the service life of prosthesis. However, after long-term use, osteolysis caused by debris caused by abrasion And the absorption, as well as the separation of the coating and the prosthesis, the problem of loosening the artificial joint has not been fundamentally solved."
Zhang Xiaonong pointed out that cell adhesion is the first step in contact between osteoblasts and implant materials. It will directly affect the proliferation, differentiation and calcification of osteoblasts on the surface of the prosthesis and the subsequent artificial prosthesis and surrounding bone tissue. Osteogenesis.
The plastic deformation and chemical treatment of the titanium alloy by Zhang Xiaonong's research group resulted in the conversion of the originally smooth surface into a rough surface resembling a porous structure, and the crystal grains of the composition were nanometer-scale. This porous nano-surface titanium alloy not only greatly increases the roughness of the ordinary smooth surface, but also provides more area; Moreover, the electrochemical properties of the nano surface change, thereby greatly enhancing the adhesion of osteoblasts to the implant material. . In addition, nanomaterials have more grain boundaries than ordinary materials. The grain boundaries of the alloy have more active surface properties, which can affect the interaction of initial proteins and mediate subsequent cell adhesion, which also helps to improve osteoblasts. Features.
"In the experiment, the osteoblasts in the skull of the neonatal rat were planted on the surface of nano-titanium alloy and the surface of ordinary titanium alloy for in vitro cell culture. The experimental results fully verified the above conclusions." Zhang Xiaonong said, "If this technology The ability to actually form a product, the life expectancy of artificial joints can be greatly extended."
Due to the constraints of research funding, the research team has only prepared small pieces of nano-titanium alloy for implantation in New Zealand rabbits, and it is not possible to make complete nano-artificial joints for joint replacement surgery in animals or humans. Zhang Xiaonong told reporters that they hope to cooperate with relevant medical device manufacturers in the next step, in order to let this research result be put into clinical application as soon as possible, and benefit the majority of patients.
——Shanghai Medical Device Industry Association Network