Cow breeding technology
Compared with traditional breeding techniques, the reproductive rate of the recipient cows and the survival rate of calves are increased. It adopts embryo transfer technology and is bred by professional feeding and management. It can quickly restore the reproductive performance of the recipient cow so that it can enter the next breeding cycle, so that the newborn calf can eat colostrum in time and it is easy to survive. Yak feeding and management Open food supply. After the yak was born with colostrum or milk, it gradually began to feed with food. Within 1.5 weeks, the first feed was concentrated feed, and the amount of feed was gradually increased. During this time, it was necessary to ensure that the calf had enough fresh drinking water. After 10 days, the calf can freely eat forage. Yak weaning transition. When yaks feed 0.75 kg to 1 kg of starter diet for 3 consecutive days, they can start weaning and calves feed freely. The hardest time of weaning is the first two days. Cows and calves are not used to it. Mother and child can be isolated and reared. Gradually increased yak growth material and reduced food intake after two months. Yak is warm in winter. In order to ensure that the calf can survive the severe cold weather, the yak cowshed can be thickened with mats on the ground, surrounded by a single layer of color steel tiles, and the roof is installed with bath lights to enhance warmth. Cow feeding management The nutrition and management of cows will affect their ability to breed. Traditional methods of raising cows often lead to empty cows, miscarriages, and low birth rates due to factors such as poor management or inadequate skills, which in turn reduces reproductive productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt scientific methods for cow feeding and management, such as grouping breeding cows, simplifying herd management, and saving labor. Intensified management must be based on specific implementation of the cow's nutrition at different times in order to increase the reproductive capacity of the cow. Pregnancy cow feeding management. The nutrients needed for pregnant cows not only maintain the body growth, but also need to provide fetal growth and storage of postpartum lactation nutrition. Therefore, to maintain good pregnant cows, to ensure the normal development of the fetus in the mother, can effectively prevent abortion and stillbirth, for the future growth of yaks, cows bred again and increase the reproductive age lay a good foundation. Especially the feeding and management of winter pregnant cows should be carried out scientifically. The first 5 months of pregnancy. At this time, the fetal organ tissue is in the differentiation stage, with slower growth and less nutrients, and it can be fed in accordance with the standards of empty cows and mainly based on roughage. After 5 months, feed nutrition should be strengthened and supplemented with concentrate feed; The last 3 months are the phases of rapid fetal weight gain. Generally, 70%-80% of the initial weight of the weight-increasing calf needs to absorb a large amount of maternal nutrition, and the cow will also gain 45 kg to 70 kg during pregnancy to ensure normal lactation and reproduction after calving. Therefore, during this period, it is necessary to ensure the nutrition of pregnant cows, feed them with carrots and concentrate feeds, and maintain the upper and middle levels of sensation. In addition to nutrition, cows should be kept clean, dry, and well ventilated during the gestation period; during the grazing season, the grazing season should be extended and the forage grass season should be supplemented with forage; in order to enhance the physique of the cow, promote the development of the fetus, and prevent dystocia, the pregnancy should be improved. The cows have plenty of exercise and do a good job of protecting the tires. In winter, it is necessary to keep the cowsheds warm and lighted. Feeding management of lactating cows. After the cows delivered, the loss of water, sugar and salt in the body was huge. The cows in the lactation period, especially in the early stage, were still in the recovery stage. They were weak and weak in digestive function. They also had to carry on the task of lactation, and they also required the feeding and management. With it increased. Nutrition during lactation is important for the cow's lactation, post-partum estrus, and re-breeding abortion. Energy, protein, calcium and phosphorus compounds have increased in varying degrees compared to other physiological stages. Lack of nutrients can cause yak growth to be blocked, susceptibility to diarrhoea, pneumonia, rickets, etc. It can also lead to postpartum estrus in cows and reduce the rate of conception. The cows should gradually increase the concentrate feed two weeks before farrowing. One day to two days after delivery, feed the easily digested feed and do not supply cold water. After two weeks, the cow’s lochia was drained, the physiological swelling of the breasts disappeared, and the digestion and appetite returned to normal. The cows were fed on a standard basis and gradually fed with silage and root tubers. During the prolific period of lactation, it is necessary to feed high-energy feeds, mainly dry matter and concentrates with good quality and strong palatability, but not excessive amounts. After 3 months of labour, cows' milk production gradually declines. Feeding of cow's concentrate feed should be gradually reduced, and exercise and drinking water should be strengthened to avoid drastic decline in milk production and overweight cows, affecting calf growth and cows. Estrus, conception.
Carnitine, or trans. carnitine, is an amino acid, a quaternary ammonium cationic complex, which can be biosynthesized from both lysine and methionine and is involved in the metabolism of fat into energy in the body. Carnitine has two stereoisomerism: L-Carnitine, which is biologically active, and D-carnitine, which is non-biologically active. L-carnitine (L-carnitine) is an amino acid widely distributed in the liver, especially in myocardium and skeletal muscle. Most of the carnitine required by the body comes from meat and dairy products in the diet. [1]
Carnitine is an amino acid widely distributed in the liver, especially in cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle. Most of the carnitine components required by the body come from meat and dairy products in the diet. In addition, the body itself can synthesize part of methionine as raw material, and the body needs Vitamin C, iron, B6 and niacin as auxiliary factors of various enzymes in the reaction when biosynthesizing carnitine. L-carnitine is widely present in the body, especially in mitochondria. The concentration of L-carnitine was highest in the adrenal gland, followed by the heart, bone, muscle, adipose tissue and liver. Free L-carnitine is excreted in the urine. Plant-based foods contain less l-carnitine (in some cases none), as well as less lysine and methionine, the two essential amino acids that make carnitine. The l-carnitine content in animal food is high, especially in liver. Foods rich in L-carnitine include yeast, milk, liver, meat and other animal foods. Humans and most animals can also meet their physiological needs through synthesis within their bodies. L-carnitine is not deficient under normal conditions.
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