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**Summer Pig Raising Tips for Fermentation Bed Systems**
Raising pigs on a fermentation bed during summer doesn’t require special methods, but it does demand attention to general care and heat management. The ideal temperature for growing pigs is between 18–25°C. Since pigs lack sweat glands and have a layer of fat beneath their skin, they struggle to regulate body temperature effectively. High temperatures, humidity, and strong sunlight can significantly impact pig health and productivity. To ensure optimal growth and reduce the effects of heat stress, farmers should implement effective cooling strategies. Here are ten practical techniques for raising pigs in the summer:
1. **Improve Ventilation**: Proper airflow is essential for keeping pigs cool. In hot conditions, blood flows to the skin, increasing surface temperature. Enhancing ventilation helps dissipate heat. Open windows on opposite sides of the pig house, and consider installing ceiling fans for sows and stressed pigs.
2. **Reduce Heat Radiation**: Sunlight and infrared radiation can raise temperatures inside the barn. Prevent direct sunlight by using shade structures or reflective materials. Insulate the roof with foam boards or similar materials to minimize radiant heat. This helps maintain a cooler environment within the fermentation bed system.
3. **Increase Evaporative Cooling**: Although pigs don’t sweat, spraying them with water can help lower body temperature through evaporation. Do this during the hottest parts of the day, but be careful not to make the bedding too wet. A slightly damp surface is ideal for heat dissipation without causing moisture issues.
4. **Ensure Clean and Cool Water Supply**: Pigs drink more in summer, so fresh, cool water is crucial. Use automatic drinkers with a flow rate of at least 1 liter per minute for sows. Keep water cool by using deep well water or shading pipes and tanks from the sun.
5. **Adjust Stocking Density**: Overcrowding increases heat stress. Maintain a space of 1.2–1.5 square meters per pig. This allows pigs to lie down comfortably and reduces the risk of overheating.
6. **Enhance Feed Nutrients**: High temperatures reduce appetite. Increase protein and amino acid levels by 1–2%, and boost vitamin content. Avoid roughage that’s hard to digest, such as grass powder or bran. Use easily digestible feeds and add enzymes to improve nutrient absorption. Adding 0.5% baking soda can also help balance pH during heat stress.
7. **Modify Feeding Schedules**: Feed pigs during cooler times of the day—early morning, late afternoon, and night. Wet feeding is preferred, as it reduces body heat and improves feed intake. Avoid overfeeding and ensure no leftover food remains in the troughs.
8. **Maintain Feed Freshness**: Summer increases the risk of mold. Store feed properly and use freshly prepared rations. Add mycotoxin binders if necessary to protect pig health.
9. **Keep the Environment Clean**: A clean fermentation bed reduces disease risk. Regularly disinfect the area and monitor pig health closely. Even with good hygiene, high temperatures can speed up bacterial growth, so extra care is needed.
10. **Minimize Stress**: Stress increases heat production and weakens immunity. Handle pigs gently, avoid frequent group changes, and keep feeding routines consistent. Sudden changes in feed, environment, or people can cause unnecessary stress.
By following these tips, farmers can create a more comfortable and productive environment for pigs during the summer months.
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