Wheat stripe rust is a serious fungal disease that affects barley and wheat crops. The pathogen responsible for this disease is *Puccinia striiformis* West. f.sp. *hordei*, which belongs to the subphylum Basidiomycota. This fungus has different specialized forms, with some strains primarily infecting barley and others affecting wheat. The summer spores of barley-specialized strains are generally lighter in color compared to those of wheat-specialized strains.
Stripe rust caused by barley-specialized strains consists of various toxic individuals, categorized into eight toxicity types (TBYR 0 through TBYR 7). In Tibet, the dominant strains are moderately toxic, specifically TBYR2, TBYR3, and TBYR4. Among these, TBYR3 is the most common type and mainly infects common barley varieties or those with low resistance.
The disease spreads primarily through local fungal sources or imported summer spores. The fungal mycelium can survive the winter at temperatures as low as -5°C. Summer spores germinate best between 5°C and 15°C, and their viability decreases rapidly above 15°C. When temperatures range from 10°C to 15°C and there is moisture from rain or dew, winter-sown wheat or spring barley is particularly susceptible to infection.
To manage wheat stripe rust, the first and most effective method is to plant resistant varieties. Additionally, farmers should monitor fields regularly and apply fungicides when necessary. Crop rotation and proper field sanitation also play an important role in reducing disease pressure. Early detection and prompt action are key to preventing widespread outbreaks and minimizing yield losses.
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