Floral flower regulation technology
Icu Medical Pendant,Hospital Medical Pendant,Anesthesia Pendant Flower Medical Equipment Co., Ltd. , http://www.shmedicalequipment.com
Abstract : Using some special cultivation techniques, flowers can be opened outside the natural flowering time according to people's wishes, so that the flowering period is earlier than the natural flowering period is called promoting cultivation; so that the flowering period is delayed than the natural flowering period is called inhibition cultivation. The techniques for promoting cultivation and suppressing cultivation were introduced, including simulation of natural habitats, temperature treatment, light treatment, cultivation management, and turbulent regulation. Artificially changing environmental conditions or adopting some special cultivation and management methods to make some ornamental plants earlier, delayed flowering, or prolonged flowering period is called flowering control. The application of flowering control technology can increase the variety of ornamental plant flowering during the festival; extend the flowering period to meet people's demand for flower consumption; increase the ornamental plant's commodity value, has important implications for adjusting the industrial structure and increasing the income of growers, commonly used flowering period Regulatory technologies mainly include the following types. 1 The simulated natural habitat method is generally successful if the flowers introduced locally or in other places are opened or the flowering period is changed in a timely manner, and cultivation and management are performed under the same conditions of growth and development temperature, humidity, light and the like as the origin of the flowers. For example, if the gladiolus flowering from the Netherlands that is introduced in the summer blooms in winter in northern China, the bulbs can be germinated to break the dormancy and cultivated in the greenhouse. The temperature is maintained at 15 to 25°C and the relative humidity is 60% to 80. %, increase the light every night 2 ~ 3h, after 100 ~ 120d can blossom. 2 Temperature treatment 2.1 Temperature increase method a. Promote flowering Most flowers can bloom early after warming in winter, such as greenhouse flowers such as cineraria and gloxinia. Flowering woody flowers in the spring and herbaceous flowers in the open can also flower early, such as peony, deciduous azalea, calendula etc. Peony and deciduous azaleas can form flower buds before entering winter, but they are dormant due to low temperature after entering the winter. If they are moved into the greenhouse, they are given higher temperature (20~25°C) and often spray and increase humidity (air relative Humidity above 80%), can flower early. The number of days from the beginning of warming to flowering differs depending on the type of flower, the temperature and the method of conservation, etc. The temperature is high and the humidity is faster; the temperature is lower and the humidity is slower. b. Prolonging the flowering period Some flowers have a habit of continuous growth and continuous flowering at a suitable temperature, but when the temperature drops in autumn and winter, they stop growing and flowering. If you can stop flowering before it stops, you can continue to grow and flower. For example, to prepare gerbera, jasmine, dahlia, etc., to continue flowering in the fall and early winter seasons, warming, fertilizing, and pruning immediately before the temperature drops ensure that they continue to grow and blossom. 2.2 cooling method a. prolong the dormancy period to delay flowering. The cold-tolerant flowers and trees are still dormant before the temperature rises in early spring. At this time, moving them into the cold room can make them continue to sleep and delay flowering. This method is suitable for cold-resistant, shade-tolerant plants, cold room temperature to 1 ~ 3 °C is appropriate, cold-resistant flowers can be slightly higher, the species is better to use late flowers, before moving into the cold room to apply fertilizer; cold indoor light Should be weaker. Turn on the light for a few hours every day. Check dry humidity every few days and water it in time. The time for the flowers to be stored in the cold room is determined by the climatic conditions of the planned flowering date. In the beginning of the cold room, the flowers should be kept in a sheltered, sheltered, and cool place. Some days later, some morning sunset light can be seen and the water can be sprayed. Fertilization, careful maintenance. b. Slow growth to delay flowering. Lower temperatures slow the metabolism of plants and delay flowering. This method is mostly used on flowers that are to be planted or opened, such as chrysanthemums, gladiolus, Chinese rose, narcissus, etc. The temperature of the treatment varies depending on the type of flowers. For example, if the narcissus blooms during the New Year's Day and the Spring Festival, the top flowers in the total sepals of the narcissus buds can be observed 5 to 7 days earlier. If the narcissus are to inflate and break the total pupa, they should be placed on a cold at 1~4°C. The cool place, 1 to 2 days before the holiday and then back to room temperature 15 ~ 18 °C environment, it will be able to make it timely opening, such as the discovery of small buds can be placed in more than 20 °C, pot 15 ~ Warm water at 20°C, with plenty of light at night, will be able to bloom in due time. c. Cooling and cooling off heat-resistant flowers. Some plants can grow and blossom at suitable temperatures, but they stop growing and no longer bloom in the heat. For example, cyclamen and bell-shaped sea breams have a long flowering period in the season suitable for flowering. If they can reduce the temperature during June-September, they can continue to bloom. d. Artificial flowering vernalization and early flowering. Change the autumn sowing for the spring sowing flower, want to make it blossom in the same year, can use the low temperature to deal with the germinating seed or seedling, make it through the vernalization effect to blossom in the year, the suitable temperature is 0 ~ 5 °C. 2.3 Variable temperature method to delay the flowering period, generally can control a longer time. This method is mostly used for major festive flowers. The specific method is to make some of the flower buds that have already formed flower buds to be dormant at low temperatures first, and it is required not to sprout buds and flowers buds to cause frostbite. Tropical and subtropical flowers are given a temperature of 2 to 5°C; temperate and cold woody deciduous flowers are given a temperature of -2 to 0°C, and they are about 1 month before the planned flowering date, and the flowers are then placed at 15 to 25°C (increasing temperature gradually). The maintenance management under the room temperature conditions. When the buds are in season, the temperature can be increased to about 25°C to accelerate flowering. In this way, generally flowers can be expected to bloom. a. New Year's Day, Spring Festival flowering promotion treatment. Taking spring jasmine flowers as an example, the new year's blooming spring can be moved from the overwintering low-temperature greenhouse to the sunny greenhouse 20 to 25 days before the holiday, and it can be warmed to 17 to 18°C ​​by 10 days before New Year's Day. Move to the well-lit greenhouse in about 10 days before the festival and you will be able to flower in due time. If you don't open it before 5 days before the Spring Festival, you can warm it up to 17-18°C and you can flower in time. b. Flower control flowering during International Labor Day. The flowers that are required to be opened on the International Labor Day can be moved from the low-temperature overwintering area to a lighthouse with good light at 18 to 25°C 50 to 60 days before the festival. The management of fertilizer and water can be strengthened, and the flowers can generally be in full bloom in due course. Such as herbal flowers, dahlias, peony, water scallions, woody flowers, flowers, plum, cloves, forsythia, and so on. c. National Flowering Flower Control Treatment. Flowers that need to be opened on the National Day can be planted with flower buds. From late February to early March, leaves and flower buds will be forced into a low temperature environment before they sprout. They will be forced to sleep for a longer period of time, and they will be moved to around 1 month before the holiday. The cultivation and management in the environment of 15～25°C can be opened at a proper time. Such as herbal herbs in the peony, purse peony, cherry blossoms in woody flowers, eucalyptus, cloves and so on. 3 Light treatment method Generally, a photoperiodic induction stage is required for plant growth and flowering. During this period, even if the flower is in a very suitable temperature condition, but the illumination time is not appropriate, it will also affect the formation of flower buds, resulting in failure to bloom as scheduled, or even flowers, which is related to the long-term adaptability of flowers in the country of origin. . Flowers can be divided into short-day sunshine, long-day sunshine, and Chinese sunshine flower according to the need of light time. If it is in the non-flowering season, it can be flowered if it is treated artificially according to the length of light required by the flowers. In addition, light and darkness will change the flowering time of flowers. a. Short-day treatment The flowers that can be used for short-day treatment include chrysanthemum, poinsettia, and bougainvillea. In the long sunshine season, such flowers can be covered with dark cloth, black paper or straw curtains for a certain period of time to give them a longer dark period, which can promote flowering. Such as chrysanthemum and poinsettia, making it from 17 o'clock to 8 o'clock the next day in the dark, poinsettia can be about 40d flowering, chrysanthemum 50 ~ 70d can flower. Before short-day treatment, branches should have a certain length, and stop the application of nitrogen fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, so that the organization is full, will be faster. b. Long-day treatment The most common species in production The natural flowering period of the gladiolus is the longest summer sunshine, requiring 12 to 16 hours of light. When gladiolus is planted in winter in northern China, it is necessary to artificially increase the illumination time for the flowering of the gladiolus. After 16 o'clock in the afternoon, an incandescent lamp of 200 to 30 OW is used to supplement the illumination for more than 3 hours at a distance of lm, and a higher temperature is given. 130d greenhouse cultivation, you can flower. c. Treatment of light and darkness The response of silk flowers to light is different from other flowers. It is usually open at night and is not convenient for viewing. However, if its bud length is 6 to 10 cm, it will cover the sun during the day and light at night, then it can change The nocturnal flowering habits make it bloom in daylight and prolong the flowering time. 4 Cultivation Management Law 4.1 Grasp the Proper Breeding Period a. Seedlings need flowers that are open during the International Labor Day. For example, snapdragon can be planted in early August, pansy, daisies and violets can be sown in mid-August. Sowing in early September. Flowers that need to be open on National Day, such as a string of red seeds, can be sown in early April, cockscombs can be sown in early June, marigolds, and nasturtiums can be sown in mid-June. Zinnia, amaranth, and red and yellow grasses can be planted. Sowing in early July. b. In the cutting stage, the flowers that are required to be open on the National Day, such as è—¿ è“Ÿ è“Ÿ and 一 红 å¯, can be cut from mid-June to late July, and beautiful cherry blossoms and red and yellow grasses can be cut in early July. 4.2 Grasp the appropriate pruning period a. The pruning rose needs 45 days from pruning one flowering time to the next flowering time. To make it open on National Day, the rough branches and leaves that occurred in the current year will be from 4 to 6 cm above the branch point in mid-August. Cut off, and at the same time cut the scattered weak branches from the base, and give enough water and fertilizer and light, can be timely bloom. b. Topping out the important festivals such as flower dwarf red, Dutch chrysanthemum, and red string, etc., if they are allowed to open naturally, they will not be controlled in due time and often be defeated before the holiday season. If they are opened in time, they should normally be 20 to 30 days before the holiday. Take heart treatment. c. Picking leaves Some woody flowers bloom in the spring and form flower buds in the summer, and they open again in the spring of the following year. If it is allowed to bloom again in the same year, the method of leaf removal can be used to promote flower buds and flowering. Such as peaches, apricots, plums, plums, etc., when their flower buds grow to full after picking leaves, after about 20d will be able to flower. 4.3 Management of Fertilizer Water Some flowering plants, after flowering in the late vegetative period or in spring, will accumulate nutrients to form flower buds, ready to bloom in autumn or in the following year. During this period, if the proper management of fertilizers can promote flower bud differentiation, it will make flowering more luxuriant in the future. Such as peaches, plums, apricots, plums, jellyfish, forsythia and other flowers, after the spring should be as soon as possible after the pruning, top dressing, promote new branches robust growth, the formation of flower buds in the summer should be increased phosphate fertilizer, appropriate water control, flower buds after the first cooling and sparse leaves , And then put it at a lower temperature to make it dormant, to 1 month before the plan to flower, put it in the environment of 15 ~ 25 °C, normal fertilizer and water management, can be timely flowering. 5 Hormone Treatment 5.1 Promote the Application of Flowering a. Gypsophila selected plants with a growth period of more than 75 days, sprayed the foliar with 200-300 mg/kg of gibberellin, sprayed once every 3 days, and sprayed three times. Summer flowers are sprayed at the end of February and can be flowered half an hour in advance; winter flowers are sprayed in mid-October and can bloom one month ahead of schedule. After spraying the plants with 250 mg/kg cytokinin, it can be convulsed and flowered under the conditions of 15°C or longer and long days without treatment with low temperature. b. Freesia soaked bulbs with 5mg/kg ethephon for 24 hours to break the dormancy. After being stored at room temperature for 1 month, it can be planted 7~10 days ahead of time; the bulbs are soaked with 10~30mg/kg gibberellin for 24 hours. After being stored at 10-12°C for 45 days, it can be planted 3 months ahead of time; before the bulbs are treated with low temperature, they can be soaked with 10-40 mg/kg gibberellin for 24 hours and can be flowered 40 days earlier. 5.2 Delayed flowering application a. Chrysanthemum sprayed with 2,4-D 5mg/kg, delayed flowering for 1 month; treated with 50mg/kg naphthaleneacetic acid + 50mg/kg gibberellin mixture or with 200mg/kg ethephon Spraying plants can inhibit the formation of flower buds; spraying 300-400mg/kg cytokins on the leaves can inhibit the elongation of flower stems and delay flowering. b. Marigold used 500 to 2000 mg/kg sprayed on the upper middle leaves of the plant once a week for a total of 3 times, delayed flowering for 8 to 10 days. c. Poinsettia can be sprayed with 40 mg/kg gibberellin under short daylight conditions to delay flowering. (College of Plant Science and Technology, Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University Daqing Daqing City Urban Management Bureau Green Branch)