Pollen collection and drying
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The self-produced pollen before artificial pollination has the advantages of low cost and high quality and is easy to popularize. In combination with practice, Shen Chen from Xinxiang Vocational Technical School in Henan Province introduced the collection and drying methods of fruit tree pollen. First, the collection of anthers We practice in the collection of fruit anthers using the following methods: the flowers are placed on a smooth paint table, gently rubbed the flowers by hand, and then sieved to obtain anthers; also in the 0.25 cm pore size of the iron sieve The flower was placed in full bloom, and a white screen was laid under a sieve of iron. Then the flower was gently rubbed by hand, and the anther was leaking on the white paper. Although some of the anthers were wasted using the above method, the tests showed that the anther loss rate was generally less than 10% while the ergonomics was greatly improved. Second, several kinds of anther simple drying method Natural drying method: choose a heating or stove, room temperature in a dry room at 20 °C -25 °C, put a few tables in the room (or other moisture barrier), smooth the top On white paper, lay the anther on a white paper, the thinner the better, and let it dry naturally. This method can generally be dried within two days. After drying, the anthers are gently chopped to release pollen and artificial pollination can be performed. Fire drying method: This method uses fire pot as a heat source, simple and easy, is the current commonly used method. First of all, use bamboo baskets on the shelves for several layers. The number of shelves can be determined according to the number of anthers to be dried. A large amount of flour can be stacked on several layers. Use a plywood or mat to lay flat on a bamboo raft and spread a smooth layer of white paper on it, and then place the anther removing impurities on the paper and spread it thinly. Put a thermometer in the middle of the shelf to observe the temperature. When the temperature is low, the fire bowl is heated. When the temperature is high, the fire is removed or the ventilation is lowered to make the room temperature relatively stable at 20°C-25°C. If the number of anthers is small, it is not necessary to put a layer of quilt on it, or put a layer of fruit box paper on top of it and put it on top to dry it. Do not directly put the anther on the fire and bake, so as to avoid the death of pollen due to improper temperature control. Furnace drying method: This method is basically the same with the fire bowl drying method. The difference is that the heat source is not a fire but a fire in the middle of the room, the anthers spread around the stove (but not too close to the stove). Light drying method: This method is used to produce less pollen. First, prepare a carton. Hang a 25-watt incandescent light bulb on the upper part of the carton. Place anther and thermometer on the bottom of the box. Adjust the height of the lamp to control the temperature inside the box. This method is simple and easy to apply to individual orchards with a small amount of pollen. Third, anther should pay attention to the problem of drying: 1 temperature: temperature is the most important factor affecting the drying quality of anthers, the temperature is too high, the pollen germination rate is low, the amount of powder less; too low drying time is long. The suitable drying temperature is 20°C-25°C, and the required temperature is relatively stable. 2 time: about 36 hours at 20°C—25°C. 3 Avoid exposure to pollen in the sun, according to experimental reports, the germination rate of dried pollen is only 10-20%, while the dried, dried pollen germination rate of up to 50%.