First, the selection of species is dominated by the dense thorn system, such as Jinchun No. 3, Jinyou No. 2, No. 3, Jinlu No. 3, New Century, Jinza No. 2 and No. 4 and so on. Second, nursery and seedbed management Sunlight greenhouse Winter cucumber seedlings are generally from late October to early November. The cucumber must be grafted and the rootstock is usually black pumpkin. 1. Seedbed preparation Cucumber and black-skinned squash seedbeds are located in the greenhouse. Bed soil can be added with about 30% of decomposed organic fertilizers and sieved for use. The seedbed area is generally 2.5-3 square meters. 2, soaking seed germination before sowing the seeds into the 55-60 °C hot water immersion, and continue to stir until the water temperature drops 25-30 °C soak 4-6 hours, black seed pumpkin to be appropriate longer. After the seeds are sufficiently water-absorbed, they are then removed and germinated at 25°C to 30°C. 3, sowing and seedbed management Cucumber seeding should be selected sunny morning, cucumber sowing time is about 4 days earlier than the pumpkin, when the temperature is high, the emergence of fast and neat. When planting, it should be uniform and the footing water should be poured before sowing. The cover soil should not be too thick nor too thin. When the thickness is too thick, the seeds will be unearthed and the too thin seeds will be easily capped. The thickness of the cover soil of the cucumber is between 1 and 1.5 cm, and the black-skin pumpkin is between 2 and 2.5 cm. Immediately after sowing, the seedbed was covered with a plastic film to increase the temperature and protect the earthworms, which created a good temperature and humidity condition for the seed germination. After sowing to ensure a higher temperature, generally controlled between 25 °C -30 °C, the temperature after emergence can be appropriately reduced to prevent seedlings too long. After the seedlings were excavated, 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder was sprayed 500-fold before the grafting, and 50% carbendazim wettable powder was sprayed 500-fold before the grafting. Third, the management of grafted and grafted seedlings At present, there are many methods used in production to rely on access. The method has a high survival rate for grafting and the masses are easy to master. Prepare enough nutritious soil before grafting. When the first true leaf of the rootstock is half unfolded, the cucumber seedlings are suitable for the proper grafting period. The cucumber seedlings and pumpkin seedlings were raised and the growth point of the pumpkin was removed. On the embryonic axis at the ion leaf section 5-10 mm, a knife was cut obliquely from top to bottom at an angle of 350-400. The incision depth was 1/1 of the stem diameter. 2. At 12-15 mm below the cotyledon of the scion, cut 1 knife from bottom to top at an angle of 300°. The depth of the incision is 2/3 of the stem diameter. Then the scion tongue wedge is inserted into the incision of the rootstock, so that the leaves of the cucumber are pressed on the top of the pumpkin cotyledons, and the cucumber seedlings are inside, and the pumpkin seedlings can be clipped outside the grafting clips. Immediately after grafting, the grafted seedlings were planted in a nutrient bowl and irrigated with water. One to two days after grafting is the formation period of callus, which is a critical period for survival. It must be ensured that the humidity in the small arch canopy exceeds 95%, and it should be shady in the first two days. On the third day, we can see the weak light in the morning and at night. After 4-10 days, the light should be gradually strengthened, and it should only be shaded when the light is strong at noon. At the same time ventilation time gradually increased from 1 hour, 7-10 days can be ventilated throughout the day. After 10 to 15 days, the hypocotyls of cucumber were cut off, and the change of seedlings was controlled flexibly, and the light and temperature were adjusted to improve the survival rate. Fourth, before colonization and colonization, 80 centimeters of large row spacing and 50 centimeters of small row spacing should be used for ridge preparation. For the colonization of cucumbers, the weather of the cold tail warm head should be selected, and there should be a higher ground temperature when planting. When planting, the plant spacing is 35 cm, the planting water is poured well, the soil is dissolved underwater and the soil is sealed, and the ridge surface is smoothed to facilitate the coating. V. Management after planting 1. Slow seedling period. After planting, the insulation should be sealed to increase the indoor temperature and humidity as much as possible to promote the growth of new roots in order to facilitate the easing of seedlings. Generally 25 °C -28 °C during the day, 13 °C -15 °C at night is appropriate. 2, early flowering period. The seedling-releasing period has not yet ended, and it is still managed according to the seedling period, with a focus on accelerating root control. In management, the temperature difference between day and night should be appropriately increased. In order to increase nutrient accumulation, the air was ventilated from the top at 30°C during the day and closed at 20°C in the afternoon. When the room temperature dropped to 15°C, the haystacks were laid. 3, the result period. In the result period, temperature management is still carried out. Since the sunshine hours increase gradually during this period, the light turns from weak to strong and the room temperature can be properly increased. The temperature is maintained at 25-28°C during the day and 15°C-17°C during the night. During the later period of childbirth, ventilation should be strengthened. Avoid room temperature too high. This period a large number of melons. Plant nutrient consumption, we must strengthen water and fertilizer management. Each time combined with water irrigation with 15-20 kg of compound fertilizer. VI. Pest and Disease Control Cucumber diseases mainly have three types, namely fungi, bacteria and viruses. Under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity in protected areas, it is very beneficial to the occurrence and spread of diseases. Prevention and control of diseases in production In addition to selection of disease-resistant varieties, the management covers the mulch, and sub-irrigation is adopted to reduce the humidity in the shed to create an environmental condition that is not conducive to the occurrence and development of diseases to reduce the occurrence and development of diseases. The spray method is used on sunny days, and aerosol and dust agents can be used to increase the control effect in cloudy and cold seasons. In addition, attention should be paid to the alternative use of different types of pesticides in order to increase the efficacy and delay the occurrence of pest resistance. Insect pests in greenhouses in winter and spring are greenhouse whitefly and leafminer. In the early stage of the occurrence and low density of white flies can be used 10% imidacloprid WP 1000-1500 times or 25% fluconazole wettable powder 1000-1500 times liquid for prevention and treatment. It is also possible to use 22% dichlorvos smoke agent 667 square meters 0.5 kg, closed fumes before the end of the evening. For the prevention and control of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, in addition to strengthening quarantine supervision to prevent the spread of the worm, in the control of the larvae, it is necessary to control the spraying of 48% of Le Siben EC 800-1000 times or stuck dead beetle 2000 times before the second larvae. Prevention.
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