In the production of olives, the harmful effects of pests often affect flowering, fruit quality, and fruit quality, directly affecting the economic benefits of fruit tree production. In recent years, the author conducted a comparative survey of the types, number, distribution and harm degree of olive pests and diseases in the planted areas in Gaozhou. The survey found that the major diseases and pests that have been seriously afflicted throughout the year are leaf spot disease, anthrax, olive grove, black locust whitefly, malignant leafhopper, olive leafless moth, and olive wild worm. Therefore, the above-mentioned olive pests and diseases must be prevented and controlled in a timely manner, and in particular, the work of clearing the garden in winter must be done. This is the key to the healthy development of olive production. Now introduce the main pest and disease characteristics and control points are as follows (in which the prevention and treatment of olive groves hibiscus has been published several times, this time will not be repeated. - editor's note), for reference for fruit farmers. 1. Leaf spot leaf spot disease is caused by different fungi. At the early stage of disease, there are round gray-brown lesions on the leaves, brown and dark brown edges, clear boundaries of disease and health, late lesions turn gray or gray, the middle has a small black spots, dry off after forming a small hole, lesion size About 4 mm. The main prevention and control measures of olive leaf spot disease include: 1 strong cultivation and management, do a good job of irrigation and irrigation; 2 increase fertilization material, can improve disease resistance; 3 timely removal of leaves, combined with pruning diseased leaves, concentrated burned or buried; 4 spray protection . Spray 0.3%-0.5% Bordeaux mixture after spring shoots grow. Spray once every 10-15 days. Spray 1-2 times. It can also spray 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times and other agents. 2. Anthracnose Anthracnose is caused by fungi. The pathogens like the environment of high temperature and high humidity, which mainly damage leaves and fruits. Leaf lesions often start from the leaf margin or tip, lesions are semi-circular or irregular, and diseased and healthy junctions are obvious. When the weather is wet, the diseased part has vermilion sticky spots, and when the weather is dry, the lesions are gray and white, with black dots on top and small black dots scattered or arranged in a roulette pattern. When leaves are seriously damaged, they easily fall off. Fruit rot occurs mostly in ripe or ripe fruits. The young fruit suffers a dark greenish oily appearance and is easily detached. During the storage period, it was light brownish watery at the beginning, and dark brown and rotten afterwards. The main prevention and control measures of anthracnose include: 1 strengthen cultivation and management, do not apply nitrogen fertilizer, prevent water accumulation, and reduce disease; 2 do the work of clearing the garden in winter, cut off the diseased leaves, treat them in a concentrated manner, and spray 600 times of copper oxide once to eliminate overwintering. Bacteria, reduce the source of the disease; 3 after the spring and summer after the shoot, you can choose thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times or 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times spray to protect the shoot from harm. 3, black thorn whitefly black thorn whitefly, is Homoptera, whitefly family. Adults are orange-yellow, thin-skinning white powder, brown-purple forehead, light purple-purple hind wings, oval oval-shaped eggs, brownish-brown, attached to leaves, nymphs covered with hairs, black, and secreting a circle of white wax around the body. The clam shell is nearly elliptical. This worm was found in several generations a year, and in March in Gaozhou, adult worms appeared. Eggs were produced on the back of the leaves, and a dozen granules were densely arranged in a circle. After hatching, the larvae are mostly fixed near the egg shells and parasitize them. The larvae cluster on the back of the leaves to suck juice. The formation of macular lesions, and the secretion of honey dew, induced sooty, black leaves, fallen leaves, weak tree. The main prevention and control measures of the black locust white fleas are: 1 pay attention to the protection and use of natural enemies such as black-beaked black beet, knife-horned ladybug; 2 chemical control must grasp the nymph when the hair is sprayed; The main pesticides are 10% Dafenchen WP 2000 times, 20% chloramphenicol 3000X, 48% Lextran 1500X, 25% buprofezin 1500, 90% WanLing WP 2500 Times of liquid, 80% dichlorvos emulsion 1000 times. 4, Malignant leaf A malignant leaf A, is a Coleoptera, leaf A family. The larvae have black heads, yellow grass on the chest and abdomen, and translucency. The larvae often cluster young shoots and leaves. Leaves only the leaf flesh, leaves veins, larvae can secrete mucus, and can bend the tail to the back and place the feces on the back. It is a pile of black insect worms, but it is actually the leaf beetle larvae that adhere to the faeces. Adults can fly and jump, have feign death, spawn on the edges and tips of young leaves. The main prevention and treatment measures of malignant leaf gallbladder are: 1 elimination of mold piles, Taiwan moss, lichens, and plugging of tree holes to eliminate overwintering and phlegm-removal sites; 2 commonly used pesticides are: 90% crystal trichlorfon 800 times, 80% dichlorvos emulsion 1000 times 50 times of Malathion EC 50 times. 5, dead leaf leaf moth olive leafless moth, a lepidopteran, dead leaf moth family, larvae grayish brown, from the anterior chest to the seventh abdomen section between the white, there are many hairy plexus consisting of hair, two chest The black hairy plexus on the lateral knobs is long, and the mature larvae are about 50 mm long. The larvae commonly grow into larvae on the trunk or leaves during the day and eat leaves at night, and the young larvae hang their silk. The main control measures of olive leaffly include: 1 The larvae colonize the habits of trunks or leaves in the daytime and concentrate on killing; 2 The bionic pesticide can be used as a 25% diflubenzuron powder and sprayed directly; 3 In the condition of high humidity in the spring, white moss can be applied. Bacterial powder; 4 a lot of chemical pesticides can control this insect, the effect is also very good, such as trichlorfon, dichlorvos, kill lice, can also use pyrethroids and so on. 6, wild pheasant olive wild pheasant (scientific name to be determined), is a Pterioptera, 螟 螟 moth family, wild 螟 subfamily. One to two generations a year, the first generation larvae emerged at the end of March. The larvae have the characteristics of silking and netting. The larvae make thin nets in 3-5 leaves and feed them. Instar larvae can be single insects, increase food intake, eaten leaves, leaving only large veins. After the food was eaten on the net week, he was transferred to another site and continued to be harmed. The mature larvae are 25-30 mm long. In addition, when the insect shocked and shocked, it returned to thin nets to hide or droop. The main prevention and control measures of olive wild lice are: 1 using larvae have nesting habits, artificial insect nests are eliminated; 2 chemical agents can be used 2.5% Kung Fu EC 2500-3000 times, 2.5% emulsifiable EC 3000 times, 90 % Crystal trichlorfon 800 times, 80% Dichlorvos 1000 times.
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