Nobel Laureate: If the money is enough, I can cure AIDS
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The Karolinska Institute of Sweden announced on October 6 that the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to German scientist Harald Zur-hausen and two French scientists Francois Barr-West. Nosy and Luc-Montagne.
Three scientists from France and Germany shared the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the virus that causes AIDS and cervical cancer.
The three were German Harald Zurhausen, who discovered the human papillomavirus (HPV) that causes cervical cancer, and Frances François Barr-Sinussi, who discovered the HIV virus. Luc Montagni.
Luc Montagni: Give me money, I can cure AIDS
Of the scientists around the world who use AIDS as their main research object, none of them may be more famous than Luc Montagni. In addition to being a HIV finder, he made a number of discoveries about HIV traits before AIDS began to ravage the world, making a significant contribution to understanding how HIV can change the somatic genetic information of infected people. With him, human beings are no longer at a loss to face the ills that cause 2 million deaths each year.
Montani was born in Sabri, France in 1932. His father was an accountant. In his spare time, he liked to do scientific experiments in the basement of his home. Influenced by his father, Montagni was interested in science since he was a child. Because his grandfather had been suffering from colon cancer for a long time, he decided to devote himself to medicine.
After receiving his Ph.D. from the University of Paris, Montagni is involved in research. In 1982, Montani, who had a reputation for cancer and retroviral research, was invited to study what led to a mysterious new disease, AIDS, first discovered in the United States in 1981. Under his leadership, scientists including Bar-Sinussi isolated a retrovirus from the blood of patients with advanced lymphatic and AIDS patients at Pasteur College in 1983, named "Lymphatic disease-associated virus". ". The virus was officially named Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in 1986, or HIV.
Montagni's discovery was helped by American scientist Robert Gallo. The two sides debated who was the creator of HIV. Until 1987, when US President Ronald Reagan signed with French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac. The agreement, which stipulates that the two sides score a million dollars in AIDS blood test patent royalties, the argument came to an end. But the decision of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of the Karolinska Institute of Sweden to let Montani and Bar-Sinussi share the Nobel Prize indicates that the scientific community has identified him as a well-deserved discoverer of HIV.
Montani is currently Chairman of the World AIDS Research and Prevention Foundation and is dedicated to finding AIDS vaccines and therapies. When he was informed of the award, he was attending a conference in Côte d’Ivoire, a West African country. He said that he is very pleased that the Nobel Prize jury has paid attention to AIDS this year. Now there is no cure for AIDS, and the fight against AIDS is still going on.
He believes that the direction of AIDS prevention and treatment should be the treatment, not the preventive vaccine. “I think therapeutic vaccines are more feasible than preventive vaccines. We can vaccinate those already infected with HIV.†HIV infections are asymptomatic at the beginning. However, as the infection progresses, the infected person's immune system becomes weaker and more susceptible to opportunistic infections. It can take 10 to 15 years for people living with HIV to enter the post-infection stage, and suffer from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. Existing antiretroviral drugs can delay this process.
Montagni said he believes that the means of treating AIDS can occur in three to four years, "just give me enough money." Francois Barr - Sinosi: Two lives around 83 years ago
Francois Barr-Sinocy is a low-key person.
After sharing the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with "Mr." Luc Montagny and Harald Zurhausen, she delivered a speech: "I can imagine that in the next few weeks or even months, I may I want to participate in many social activities, but I hope that all these things can be calmed down, I will continue to work in my work... People like us who are engaged in research have become accustomed to lonely life." When talking about their achievements, this The female Nobel Prize winner in recent years is simply saying: "I have made some contributions."
Barr-Sinocy was born in Paris, France in 1947. He has been working at the Pasteur Research Center in France since the early 1970s, and originally studied the relationship between retrovirus and cancer. But in 1982, Montagni selected her to participate in her own team, and finding the cause of AIDS completely changed her life.
"My life is divided into two sections, one before 1983 and one after 1983," Barr-Sinoshi said.
In 1983, Montagni and Bar-Sinussi isolated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the HIV virus, from the blood of patients with advanced AIDS and advanced AIDS patients.
After the discovery of HIV, Bar-Sinussi fully contributed his career to the fight against AIDS. She said that studying AIDS is both fascinating and heartbreaking. When she first isolated HIV, she “naively†thought that this discovery could quickly lead to vaccine development and stop the AIDS epidemic; but until now, AIDS vaccine research can only be said to be “a series of failuresâ€.
The impact of AIDS on Africa has made Barr-Sinocy particularly sad. She said that when I first discovered HIV, I wanted to get it through sexual transmission. "We knew that we had made a major discovery, but we didn't expect the disease to cause such a big disaster on the African continent."
According to a report released by UNAIDS in August this year, there are 33.2 million people living with HIV in the world, 22.5 million in sub-Saharan Africa, accounting for 67% of the world, and 72% of the world's deaths. It is the absolute hardest hit.
Barr-Sinussi works extremely hard: she is the co-author of more than 200 research papers and currently leads an important research group of the Institute, which specializes in the effects of the immune system of infected people on the control of AIDS, as well as mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Question. Despite his desperate efforts, Barr-Sinussi is still worried about the prospects of Ai. After the award, she and Montagni accepted the French President Nicolas Sarkozy. Two experts are worried about whether the funds for fighting AIDS can be guaranteed, especially worrying whether the current financial crisis will cause some patients who need to rely on aid to take medicine to "break".
According to UNAIDS statistics, the total amount of global AIDS prevention funds in 2007 was 10 billion US dollars, and the gap was 8 billion US dollars.
Barr-Sinuosi said: "AIDS is not only related to the more affected countries, but also closely related to everyone. I hope that the award will evoke more people's attention to this disease, and encourage the government to invest more money to absorb young people. Creative scientists are investing in the fight against AIDS."
Harald Zurhausen: Abandoning the dogma and winning the prize
Among the scholars who study cancer in the German medical world and the world, Harald Zurhausen, 72, is highly respected. He was born in Gelsenkirchen, Germany in 1936. He was promoted to the University of Bonn by the liberal arts school without any danger. After studying at the University of Hamburg, Zui eventually received his doctorate in medicine from the University of Düsseldorf. After graduating, Zurhausen worked as a teaching and researcher at several universities in Germany and the United States. Everything seemed to be unremarkable until he was 36 years old as a professor of virology at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany, and his career turned around.
In the 1970s and 1980s, the Zurhausen study found that human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer in women, the second most common cancer. This discovery helped him share the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two French scientists.
In 1977, Zurhausen was the head of the Department of Virology and Health at the University of Freiburg, Switzerland. Since 1983, he has been transferred to the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg, Germany as the director until his retirement in 2003.
Although Zurhausen is now famous, he used his own results to hit the wall in pharmaceutical companies, unable to convince any company to develop cervical cancer prevention drugs for HPV. The reason is that his findings run counter to the dogma of the time.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of the Karolinska Institute of Sweden, in announcing the award-winning communique of Zurhausen, said that he abandoned the dogma of the time. His findings made humans understand how HPV causes cancer, and Zui finally promoted it. Vaccine development for HPV infection.
HPV is an extremely common virus. After analyzing the cervical cancer tumors from all over the world, Zurhausen found that about 70% of the tumors contained HPV, confirming the association between cervical cancer and HPV.
After predicting that HPV can cause cervical cancer, Zurhausen called on major pharmaceutical companies to develop vaccines against the virus in 1984. He said: "The virus is simple in structure and it should not be too difficult to make a vaccine. But the companies I have contacted don't think it will bring profit. They all say that there is something more important to do."
Until 1991, a series of epidemiological experiments validated the predictions of Zurhausen, which led to two vaccines for cervical cancer and a cervical cytology smear that helped women detect whether they were sick. Among them, the Cervarix vaccine developed by GlaxoSmithKline is effective against the top four virus subtypes that cause cervical cancer, with a protection period of more than 6 years. The advent of the vaccine allows women to stay away from this malignant tumor, but only when women are vaccinated with cervical cancer before sexual activity.
Zurhausen said he is concerned that more cancer is associated with HPV. In fact, the proven results of existing research have shown that the virus poses a serious health threat to humans: at least half of the world's sexually active adults have been infected with it; in addition to cervical cancer, the virus can also cause genital warts and Genital cancer such as penile cancer.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Awards said: "More than 5% of cancer cases worldwide are caused by this virus."
Worldwide, 493,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year, of which 273,000 are killed, and most of the deceased live in third world countries.