Where is the benefit of straw breeding animals?
How to solve the problem of straw waste and incineration? There are currently four main approaches to using them as fertilizers, feeds, edible fungus bases, fuels, and industrial raw materials. Meng Qingxiang, a professor at China Agricultural University, believes that the technology of straw gasification and straw briquetting in China is not yet mature; the proportion of straw directly returning to the field is only 10%; and the utilization rate of straw feed has reached 1/3, so the use of waste straw to develop animal husbandry The industry is particularly worthy of attention. However, whether straw can raise livestock and whether it can achieve industrial chain depends on whether it can bring benefits to growers and farmers. The combination of "advancement of comprehensive utilization of straw, agricultural efficiency, and income increase by farmers" is the guiding ideology of the "Opinions on Accelerating the Comprehensive Utilization of Crop Straw" issued by the General Office of the State Council in July this year. Straw breeding animals, where is the benefit? With this issue, this reporter recently followed the National Livestock Livestock Livestock Meeting with participants to enter the meat dairy cow farm and the green and yellow storage center in the cities of Heilongjiang Province. Eighty-nine cattle to help the cattle in the province of 70,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan Shuangying Niuye Industry Co., Ltd., located in the breeding area of ​​Zhoujia Town, Shuangcheng City, Heilongjiang Province, was established in March 2005. It has more than 600 breeding heads and needs about 250,000 kilograms of corn stalks. In June this year, the company built a 2,000 cubic meter yellowish cellar. Although just launched, the company's general manager Niu Jigang has already felt the benefits of yellow storage - not only can shorten the fattening period of beef cattle, but also reduce waste and save costs. He calculated such an account for the reporter: Using dry corn stalks that have not been fermented, each cow needs 5 kg of feed per day, and the fattening period is 6 months; when using yellow rations, or 5 kg of feed, the feed conversion rate is from three. Four kilograms has increased to about 2.5 kilograms, and the fattening period has been shortened to four months. Only in this case, the company can save 70,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan each year. At the same time, since the use of straw after yellowing can be extended to one year, it can reduce nearly one-fifth loss due to spoilage, and can be saved at a rate of 0.07 yuan to 0.1 yuan per 500 grams of corn straw. Ten thousand yuan to ten thousand yuan. In addition, as compared with dry corn stover, feeds that have been digested with yellow silage have effectively avoided the loss of sugar and trace elements, and the use of distiller's grains and cornmeal has decreased, which has also reduced feed costs to some extent. Compared with pasture, the cost advantage of yellow straw feed is even more pronounced. According to the estimation of the Heilongjiang Provincial Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, the production cost of the yellow straw straw feed in the province is around 0.1 yuan, while the average price of pasture is at least 0.4 yuan per kg. According to the calculation of 3 tons of forage for each cow per year, the cost of feeding can be reduced by more than 900 yuan. The quality of the gains is naturally better Compared to dry straw feeding, silage can increase milk production by 20% to 30%. This year, the company introduced the TMR full-mix diet preparation machine and added soybean meal and other concentrated feed to the silage to make a full-mix diet. According to preliminary estimates, milk production has increased by about 2% over silage. "Quality has been improved, and benefits are naturally good." Xue Yingfeng told reporters that dairy cows now have an average yield of 6.8 tons, an average milk fat rate of 4.12%, an average milk protein of 3.33%, and an average annual sale price of 2.8 yuan per kilogram. . In the interview, a small-scale dairy farm—Double City Liu Tao Dairy Farm attracted attention. Thanks to the adoption of a mixture of blue and yellow husks, the average cost of this 172 dairy farms in Jiuzhu Village in Xingfu Township is approximately 20% lower than that of similar farms, and the milk production has also increased to 6.5 tons. According to statistics from the Heilongjiang Provincial Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, after the implementation of the straw livestock project, with the improvement of the quality of livestock, the income of livestock has increased significantly. At present, the proportion of improved cows in the entire cattle population in the province has increased from 35% before the implementation of the project to 95% in 2007; the average yield of dairy cows has reached 5 tons, which is 30% higher than before the implementation of the project; the average carcass weight of beef has reached 191 kg. This is an increase of 27.3% over 1991. In Ningxia, straw-raising livestock also effectively solved the problem of shortage of forage grass after forbidding grazing on the grassland. In 2007, Ningxia had 320,000 heads of dairy cows, 1.5 million beef cattle and 10.55 million sheep. The total output value of animal husbandry reached 5.6 billion yuan, accounting for 37.2% of the total agricultural output value. Compared with 2002 before grazing prohibition, sheep breeding volume increased by 28.4%; dairy cattle breeding volume increased by 3.14 times; beef cattle breeding volume increased by 53.8%. Industrial management allows retail investors to benefit from straw raising livestock Compared to grain production, silage has special machinery, special facilities, etc., requiring relatively more investment. How to solve the problem of the contradiction between the small scale of planting and the large-scale production of straw feed, so that more retail households can benefit from straw to raise livestock. Wang Jiaqi, deputy director of the Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, believes that the way out is industrialization. Shuangcheng Glory Fodder Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd.'s green and yellow storage center, “a cow does not have anyâ€, has to purchase 10,000 mu of silage corn each year to serve around 40,000 cows. How is this done? It turned out that this company, which was established in 2003, specializes in blue-yellow storage and distribution operations. The company adopts a market-oriented mode of operation, signs contracts with order growers, provides seeds uniformly, unifies mechanical harvesting, and then uses stretch-film wrapping technology to produce wrapped blue-yellow-yield feeds, effectively solving the problem of scattered households collecting straw and blue The problem of building silos, such as yellow storage. It is understood that in the demonstration area of ​​the project in recent years, in the process of popularizing straw and raising livestock, some kinds of breeding enterprises have participated in the collection, storage, and processing of straw feed. In some regions, special farmers’ economic cooperation organizations have emerged. In Baoding, Langfang, Hebei, the specialized households and professional teams of silage developed rapidly. They use the advantages of personnel, machinery, materials, and time to conduct large-scale silage around cattle and sheep breeding communities, and then sell the silage to farmers. They can profit from 2 cents to 3 cents per kilogram of silage. The cities of Xuchang, Xinxiang, Weihe, Jiaozuo and Shangqiu in Henan province actively tried to develop the trials for the silage of professional company silos in the centralized production areas of meat and dairy cattle breeding, and carried out order production of silage and targeted supply, thereby realizing commercial silage and scale breeding of cattle and sheep. Organic combination. Straw breeding livestock benefit not only farmers Since the State Council implemented the straw livestock demonstration project in key provinces of the country's agricultural areas in 1992, the central government has invested 865 million yuan in the construction of straw and animal husbandry projects, and has established a state-level straw-raising livestock demonstration county project. 604, effectively promoted the construction of the main production areas of beef, mutton and milk in Central Plains, Northeast China and North China, and boosted the income of local farmers. However, it is not just the farmers who benefit from straw-raising. The Green Yellow Storage Center of RongYao Feed Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd. signed a 2000-mu planting contract with farmers in 2003. The area was expanded to 10,000 mu in 2008. As the seed and harvest are all provided by the green and yellow storage center, according to the calculation of the local agricultural department, the net income per mu for order farmers is between 650 and 700 yuan, which is 150 to 200 yuan more than ordinary corn planting. In regions where straw and livestock are well developed, ordinary corn growers also benefit a lot. According to statistics from the Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Henan Province, in 2007 the province's silage of ammoniated straw was 37.5 million tons. The farmers bought corn stover 0.05 yuan per kilogram, and purchased wheat straw 0.12 yuan per kilogram, which directly increased farmers' income by about 2.42 billion yuan. In Linyi County, Shandong Province, the price of fresh corn stalks is 0.06 yuan to 0.07 yuan per kilogram. Every harvest season is characterized by panic buying. The corn yield per mu is about 130 yuan, the county is 370,000 mu corn, and the livestock can use 280,000 yuan. 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