Artificial cultivation of Fritillaria
Flat Fritillaria, alias Pingbei, is a perennial herb of Liliaceae and its bulbs are used as medicine. It has a role in clearing away heat and lungs, and relieving cough and phlegm. It is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. It belongs to the same family as Fritillaria cirrhosa and Amygdalus, but has some differences in medicinal use. It is mainly distributed in the three northeastern provinces, especially in Tonghua, Jilin Province. The output is the highest. There is a small amount of distribution in the Muji region in our county. The history of planting has been long, and now many areas have begun to cultivate, and they are very profitable. Rushan Jinguo Food Co., Ltd , https://www.jinguofood.cn
First, growth habits Fritillaria is a kind of early spring plants, hi cool and humid climate, afraid of arid and hot. In the early spring, the soil is germinated, and the ground temperature begins to pull the stem at 2-4°C. At 13-16°C, it has grown vigorously. The short-grass growth period of Fritillaria sibirica is fast (it only takes about 60 days from emergence to withering), so it requires plenty of water, good drainage, loose fertility, rich black oil sandy soil or yellow sand soil. Droughts are bleak, depressions, clay lands and sandy lands are poorly growing.
Second, cultivation technology
1. Seed growing plants grow for 4-5 years. Usually, the fertilizer and water management system must be strengthened, and a few straws or branches should be inserted next to the plants as a stand, so that the rolls must be climbed to avoid wind deflection. May flowering and strong, in late May (small full) the plants on the ground that withered, but the fruit is still not mature, can be put away with fruit, stored in a ventilated place until after the cooked, pay attention to mildew. Dry to fruit from green to yellow, cracking when the fruit seam, the fruit is taken off, and the seeds are sown that they can be sown.
2. The site selection site is selected for cultivation of deep soil, loose and fertile soil, well-drained humus soil or sandy loam soil. Avoid saline-alkali soil and viscous and heavy soils. It is best to be close to the water source for irrigation. In the spring, after the earth has been frozen, it is necessary to carry out detailed turning, stumbling, and soil preparation. According to the width of 1-1, 2 meters, 50 centimeters for the work channel. The 7-8 cm deep topsoil is dumped onto the work track to make it become a flat bottom cut. After that, it is compacted into a hard bottom with a roller. This will facilitate harvesting, prevent omission, and provide water and fertilizer protection. After compacting the bottom of the ravioli, lay a 5-7 cm thick base fertilizer on top of the ground, preferably pig manure, horse dung and humus. Each acre can be mixed with 20-25 kilograms of superphosphate, and the used agricultural fertilizer must be fully cooked and sieved and then applied. Base fertilizer can be planted again with 2-3 cm thick soil.
3, field management (1) with grass that pull, prevent weeds from competing for water, fertilizer. The depth of weeding was based on no damage to bulbs; total weeding was carried out 2-3 times during growth and withering; before emergence, 50% simazine or atrazine 0/15 kg per acre was used to treat the soil with 200 kg of water.
(2) fertilization and irrigation. Planting fritillary with decomposing pig manure is better, and avoid alkaline fertilizers such as earthworms and small ash. Apply shucks twice a year for the first time. After the bulbs are harvested for the first time and before they are frozen, the applied fertilizer should be finely crushed and about 3 cm thick. In the middle of the May ticket, the mother-of-pearl growing season can be followed by applying superphosphate and diammonium phosphate, followed by irrigating the water and infiltrating the soil in time. Foliar fertilizer can also be applied.
(3) Remove buds. After budding buds, if no seedlings are left, they should be promptly removed. If the seedlings are planned to be preserved, buds may be appropriate.
4. Disease and Insect Pest Control (1) Rust; Golden yellow spores appear on the leaves and stalks that are commonly developed and damaged, and they turn into yellow powder when they ripen. They are spread by the wind. In severe cases, the plants withered earlier. Control methods; strengthen field management; spray 250 times the enemy before the onset of rust sodium 2-3 times, each time a week, or with 25% Triadimefon 1500 times liquid control.
(2) Bulb rot disease; easy to occur in high temperature and humidity or plants too dense, bulb damage is also prone to the disease, prevention and control methods; prevent excessive water training in the soil; choose disease-free wound cultivation; before planting, 20% formalin Liquid immersion bulb 1 o'clock.
(3) The underground pests that injure Fritillaria are crickets, golden worms, cockroaches, etc. Control methods; with adequate maturity manure, during the occurrence period, 80% trichlorfon 800 times watering.
3. Harvesting and processing of Fritillaria mussels 2-3 years after planting, and excavation in late May-early June (before and after awning). When the harvest is late, the bulbs grow hair. At the time of harvest, they are excavated from one end of the rice dumplings, and then graded with a sieve after harvesting. Large processing, small planting, or direct planting in the rice husks continue to grow for the second year. Generally, 500-750 kilograms of fresh produce can be collected per mu.
Fritillaria to be processed, first wash away the dirt, and then process it. There are two methods: drying and drying; dry; select sunny, place the frit on the mat, mix the appropriate amount of hydrated lime, and dry for 4-5 days or so. dry. Dry; spread a layer of slaked lime or ash, and then place the big mother-of-pearl on the taro, small on the taro (single pendulum can not overlap), and then sprinkle a layer of lime above it. It is advisable to gradually raise the temperature, but it must not be higher than 40°C. If the temperature is too high or too dense, the oil particles will be generated. When the shellfish reaches eight layers, it should gradually cool down. Always turn. After 18-24 hours, it will be dry. Sift the mother-of-pearl into the sacks, pull the four corners, and remove the impurities.