Understanding the primary pests and diseases affecting peanuts, along with their respective periods of occurrence, is essential for effective early prevention and timely treatment. This knowledge helps farmers manage crop health more efficiently and reduce potential yield losses.
Main Pests:
1. **Soil-borne pests**: These include earthworms, ground beetles, cockroaches, and white grubs. They are particularly damaging to peanut germination, pod formation, and overall yield. These pests affect the entire growth cycle of the plant, with increased activity in sticky or heavy soils.
2. **Locusts**: The main damage occurs during the seedling stage (May to June) and mid-to-late growth stages (July to August). High temperatures and dry weather conditions often lead to severe infestations, especially in drought-prone areas.
3. **Red spider mites**: These pests are most active from June to August. They thrive in dry conditions and can cause significant damage to leaves, reducing photosynthesis and plant vigor.
4. **Cotton bollworms**: The third and fourth generations of this pest are most active between June and August. Drought conditions often favor their population growth, making them a serious threat to peanut crops.
Major Diseases:
1. **Root rot**: Also known as "rat tail" or "root rot," this fungal disease affects the roots of peanut plants. It is particularly severe when seeds are exposed to heavy rain or when peanuts are grown on land that has been previously replanted. Infected plants show stunted growth and poor yields.
2. **Peanut virus diseases**: These include several types such as peanut stripe virus, peanut yellow mosaic virus, peanut dwarf virus, and peanut bud necrosis virus. Among these, the stripe virus is the most widespread and causes significant economic losses due to reduced quality and yield.
By understanding these pests and diseases, farmers can implement targeted management strategies, such as proper crop rotation, timely pesticide application, and improved irrigation practices, to ensure healthier peanut crops and better harvests.
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