Rural Soil Cultivation Technology
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**Construction of Dianchi Lake**
1. **Infant Pools (Under 10 grams):**
For baby crickets, a small rectangular pool with an area of 2 to 8 square meters is recommended. The depth should be between 0.3 to 0.4 meters, with water maintained at 0.1 to 0.15 meters. The bottom should be covered with fine sand for comfort and hygiene. A shade cover should be placed 1 to 1.5 meters above the pool’s surface to provide protection from direct sunlight. At both ends of the pool, small rest tables about 20 cm wide should be built. A gentle 30-degree ramp should also be installed at the entrance to help the crickets move in and out easily.
2. **Juvenile Pools (10 to 100 grams):**
These pools are larger, with an area ranging from 20 to 200 square meters. The depth should be 0.6 to 0.8 meters, and the water level should be kept at 0.3 to 0.4 meters. The bottom of the pool should have a layer of 8 to 10 centimeters of fine sand. Resting platforms should be placed at both ends to allow the juveniles to take breaks.
3. **Adult Pools (Over 100 grams):**
Once crickets reach 100 grams or more, they are moved into larger pools called "quaternary ponds." These can range from 30 to 300 square meters in size. Since adult crickets vary in size from 100 grams up to over 1.5 kilograms, it's important to separate them by size to prevent cannibalism. The depth of these pools should be around 1.5 meters, with water maintained at 0.8 to 1.2 meters. The bottom should have a 5-centimeter layer of fine sand for comfort and stability.
4. **Breeding Pools (50–300 m²):**
Breeding pools are designed to support reproduction. They should be 1.6 meters deep, with water maintained at 1.2 meters. A 25-centimeter layer of fine sand is laid at the bottom. One side or the entire perimeter of the pool should include a spawning ground, which takes up about a quarter of the total area and sits 20 cm above the water level. A trail of 35 cm of fine sand should lead to the spawning area. These pools must be sturdy and well-constructed to prevent escape and leaks.
**Selection and Stocking**
All crickets used for breeding or farming should be healthy, active, and free from injuries. In spring and summer, stock 20 to 40 animals per square meter. During winter, reduce the density to 75 to 100 animals per square meter. Juveniles should be stocked at 10 to 15 per square meter in warm seasons, and 75 to 100 in cold months. Adult crickets (Chengyu) should be stocked at 2 to 3 per square meter during spring and summer, and 3 to 5 per square meter in winter.
**Management Practices**
Water levels should be adjusted seasonally—shallower in spring and autumn, deeper in summer and winter. If the water temperature exceeds 28°C, change and deepen the water daily. The water color should be light green with a transparency of 40 to 50 cm, containing moderate plankton for nutrition. Juveniles can be fed eggs or cooked eggs for the first 10 to 20 days. After that, feed them finely chopped lean meat or commercial feed on the water surface. Feed once in the morning and once in the evening, providing 1% to 10% of their body weight daily. Juveniles require more frequent feeding, with 8% of their body weight given in two meals a day. Adults should be fed 5% to 10% of their body weight daily.
**Feeding Tips:**
- Avoid overfeeding fatty foods to prevent digestive issues.
- Remove dead or sick individuals promptly and maintain clean water.
- In winter, keep the water temperature stable by covering the pool with a plastic shed.
**Disease Prevention and Treatment**
1. **Swollen Neck Disease:** Treat with chloramphenicol or penicillin at 150,000 units per kilogram, injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously (1–2 ml). Oxytetracycline or sulfa drugs can also be administered orally at 0.2 g/kg, then halved the next day.
2. **Toxic Worm Disease:** Soak affected crickets in 2–3% saline solution for 4 minutes, or in a 1 ppm bleach solution overnight.
3. **Hemorrhagic Disease:** Administer sulfa drugs and antibiotics orally. For infected areas, use a 2–3 ppm bleach bath.
4. **Parasitic Disease:** Wash the crickets in a 20 ppm potassium permanganate solution to remove parasites.
With proper care and management, crickets can reach commercial size within 2 years, which is significantly faster than their natural growth cycle.