Rural Soil Cultivation Technology
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**I. Construction of Dianchi Lake Pools**
1. **Infant Pools**: For baby crickets weighing less than 10 grams, the pool area should be between 2 to 8 square meters, rectangular in shape, with a depth of 0.3 to 0.4 meters. The water level should be maintained at 0.1 to 0.15 meters. The pool bottom should be covered with fine sand for comfort and hygiene. A shade cover should be placed 1 to 1.5 meters above the pool's surface to protect the young from direct sunlight. At both ends of the pool, small rest tables approximately 20 cm wide should be installed. A gentle ramp of 30 degrees should also be constructed at the edge of the pool to allow easy access in and out of the water.
2. **Juvenile Pools**: For crickets weighing between 10 and 100 grams, the pool size should range from 20 to 200 square meters, with a depth of 0.6 to 0.8 meters. The water depth should be kept between 0.3 to 0.4 meters. The pool bottom should have a layer of fine sand about 8 to 10 centimeters thick. Rest platforms should be installed at both ends of the pool to provide resting areas for the crickets.
3. **Adult Pools (Turtle Pools)**: Crickets weighing over 100 grams are typically referred to as "turtles." These pools should be larger, ranging from 30 to 300 square meters. Since they can grow up to 1.5 kilograms or more, it’s important to separate them into different pools based on size to avoid aggression. The pool depth should be around 1.5 meters, with a water depth of 0.8 to 1.2 meters. The bottom should have a 5-centimeter layer of fine sand for comfort and stability.
4. **Breeding Pools**: For breeding purposes, the pool area should be between 50 to 300 square meters, with a depth of 1.6 meters. The water depth should be maintained at about 1.2 meters. A spawning area should be set up on one side or around the pool, covering roughly a quarter of the total area. This area should be 20 cm above the water level and filled with 35 cm of fine sand to simulate natural conditions. The pool must be strong and secure to prevent escape or leaks.
**II. Stocking Selection**
All crickets, whether caught, introduced, or collected, should be healthy and free from injuries. During spring and summer, stock 20 to 40 animals per square meter. In winter, increase the density to 75 to 100 per square meter. Juveniles should be stocked at 10 to 15 per square meter during warmer months, and 75 to 100 in winter. For adults, stock 2 to 3 per square meter in spring and summer, and 3 to 5 in winter.
**III. Management Practices**
Water levels should be adjusted seasonally—shallow in spring and autumn, deeper in summer and winter. When the temperature exceeds 28°C, change and deepen the water daily. The water should appear light green, with a transparency of 40 to 50 cm, and contain moderate plankton. Juveniles can be fed eggs or cooked eggs within 10 to 20 days. After that, feed them finely ground meat or fish meal suspended on the water surface. Feed once in the morning and once in the evening, providing 1% to 10% of their body weight each day. Juveniles require more protein-rich foods such as organs, snails, shrimp, and insects. Adult crickets should be fed 5% to 10% of their body weight daily, split into two meals.
**IV. Feeding Tips**
- Avoid overfeeding fatty foods to prevent digestive issues.
- Remove dead larvae promptly and change the water regularly.
- In winter, maintain a stable water temperature by covering the pool with a plastic shelter to trap heat.
With proper care, crickets can reach commercial size in 2 years, which is significantly faster than their natural growth cycle, saving up to 2 to 3 years.
**V. Disease Prevention and Treatment**
1. **Swollen Neck Disease**: Treat with chloramphenicol or penicillin at 150,000 units per kilogram, administered via injection (1–2 ml). Oxytetracycline or sulfonamides can also be used in feed at 0.2 g per kilogram, then halved.
2. **Toxic Worm Disease**: Soak affected crickets in 2–3% saline solution for 4 minutes, or in 1 ppm bleach solution overnight.
3. **Hemorrhagic Disease**: Administer sulfonamides and antibiotics orally. For external infections, use a 2–3 ppm bleach bath.
4. **Parasitic Disease**: Wash the crickets in a 20 ppm potassium permanganate solution to remove parasites.
Proper management and early intervention are key to maintaining a healthy population and ensuring successful breeding.