In our province, there are numerous types of wheat pests and diseases, such as underground pests, powdery mildew, wheat aphids, midges, wheat smut, and weeds. As crop yields increase, the number of pests and diseases affecting wheat has also risen year by year. This has made the task of prevention and control increasingly challenging, with a growing reliance on chemical treatments, leading to higher costs and greater burdens on farmers. Over the past two years, based on the experience of the "three-in-one" pesticide application method, our province has conducted trials and demonstrations in the Guanzhong region, focusing on the combined use of pesticides for controlling wheat pests and weeds.
First, the demonstration effect of mixed pesticide application.
At the ear stage, the control effectiveness against wheat head blight was around 60%, powdery mildew over 90%, and panicle blast about 90%. Using a mixture of pesticides reduced the number of applications by 1-2 times compared to traditional methods, saving about 5 yuan per mu in costs. This approach also helped reduce the overall amount of pesticides used, especially addressing issues like excessive or uncontrolled drug use. By applying pesticides strategically, it helps protect natural predators and lowers residue levels in the grain. Combining pesticides with fertilizers allows for more efficient treatment of both pests and diseases, enhancing the control of stripe rust and head blight while following a proactive strategy to prevent disease and boost yield.
According to data from 2005, in Shaanxi’s Xingping County, where wheat smut and stripe rust were serious, spraying dimethoate, triadimefon, and monopotassium phosphate achieved a 90% control rate on locusts. Stripe rust control reached 94%, with an increase of 9.95 grams per grain compared to the control group, and a recovery of 101.65 kg per mu in lost yield. In Liquan County, 265,000 mu were treated, achieving over 95% control of wheat smut and 94.5% control of stripe rust. The demonstration fields showed improved yellowing, full grains, and increased weight, with each mu producing over 20 kg more than usual. In Baoji County, 8.94 million mu were demonstrated, with an average yield of 96.3 kg per mu and a total wheat output of 365,200 kg. In Weiyang District, a 1,000-mu demonstration showed an average control efficiency of 85.02% for stripe rust, 82.0% for powdery mildew, and 86.7% for wheat head blight. The demonstration fields had a golden color due to effective pest and disease control, while the control fields suffered from severe damage, reducing yields by over 50%. From 2004 to 2006, the province covered 5 million mu in demonstrations, recovering a total of 300 million kilograms of wheat. Each mu saw a reduction in the use of insecticides, bactericides, and growth regulators, with a total of 10 million laborers involved in the process.
Second, the main technology of mixed pesticide application.
1. Seed dressing with mixed treatments. During sowing, this method primarily targets underground pests and controls wheat aphids, seedling diseases, powdery mildew, and full-blown diseases. In areas where multiple pests and diseases coexist, insecticides (like phoxim) and fungicides (such as triadimefon and carbendazim) are mixed and applied during seeding. This reduces pest damage during the early growth stages and achieves comprehensive disease and pest management.
2. Prevention and control of pests and diseases during the jointing stage. For spring wheat, the jointing period is when pests and weeds are most active. Main targets include weeds (such as SVW and leeks) and powdery mildew. Fungicides like triadimefon and thiophanate-methyl, along with herbicides, can be used effectively during this time.
3. Disease prevention and control at the ear stage. Controlling pests during the ear stage is crucial for promoting grain filling and increasing grain weight. At this stage, the main targets are wheat aphids, powdery mildew, rust, scab, and midges. In Liquan County, 20 grams of dimethoate and 7.5 grams of triadimefon were found to be effective, with a 77–100% anti-microbial effect on wheat flour. The average control effect for rust was 85.17%, and for powdery mildew, 84.7%.
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