In summer maize intercropped with wheat, seedlings often face challenges such as low fertilization due to the difficulty of applying seed fertilizer during interplanting. In addition to symbiotic growth with wheat, the corn seedlings are closely spaced, leading to insufficient light, soil compaction, and poor ecological conditions, which result in many yellow and weak seedlings. To help these seedlings recover and develop into productive plants quickly, it is crucial to manage them scientifically, encourage early growth, and cultivate strong, healthy seedlings.
For low-fertility fields, where soil fertility is poor, base nutrients are limited, and plant populations are sparse, leading to thin and weak seedlings, yields typically range from 250 to 300 kg per mu. To accelerate vegetative growth, it's recommended to apply top-dressing with about 50% to 55% of the total nitrogen. Field experiments and practical farming have shown that increasing top-dressing at the seedling stage can promote balanced growth, improve uniformity in plant height, and meet the rapid growth needs of the seedlings.
In medium-fertility fields, where soil quality is better and seedlings grow more vigorously with a deep green color, yields usually fall between 350 to 450 kg per mu. During this stage, it’s important not to over-apply top-dressing. An application of 30% to 35% of the total nitrogen is appropriate, while reserving some fertilizer for later stages, such as the tasseling and ear formation periods, ensures adequate nutrition for both vegetative growth and reproductive development.
In high-fertility fields, where the soil is rich, plant populations are dense, and seedlings are robust, yields can exceed 650 to 750 kg per mu. To avoid excessive elongation and ensure steady growth, it's best to limit the top-dressing to 20% to 25% of the total nitrogen at the seedling stage, reserving the remaining fertilizer for the critical periods of ear development and grain filling. This approach supports panicle expansion, increases grain weight, and ultimately helps achieve higher yields.
Top-dressing should be adjusted based on soil moisture levels. Combining fertilization with irrigation helps maximize nutrient uptake and enhances the effectiveness of the fertilizer. By using water to carry nutrients, the plants can fully benefit from the applied fertilizer, ensuring optimal growth and productivity.
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