In summer, maize is often intercropped with wheat. However, due to limited fertilization during the intercropping process or the inability to apply seed fertilizer because of the planting operations, the seedlings face several challenges. In addition to competition from wheat and symbiotic seedlings, the corn seedlings are closely spaced, leading to insufficient light, soil compaction, and poor ecological conditions, which result in many yellow and weak seedlings. To help these seedlings recover and develop into strong plants that can contribute to high yields, it's crucial to manage them scientifically, especially by promoting early growth and cultivating robust seedlings.
On low-fertility fields, where soil fertility is poor and the initial nutrient base is weak, the seedlings tend to be sparse and weak, resulting in yields of 250 to 300 kilograms per acre. To accelerate vegetative growth, it's recommended to apply about 50% to 55% of the total nitrogen as topdressing. Field experiments and practical experience have shown that increasing the amount of topdressing at the seedling stage helps promote balanced growth, improves uniformity in plant height, and meets the rapid growth needs of the maize during this critical phase.
For medium-fertility fields, where the soil is more fertile and the seedlings grow vigorously with a deep green color, yields range between 350 and 450 kilograms per acre. During this stage, it's important not to over-apply fertilizer, as excessive nutrients may lead to excessive vegetative growth. A topdressing application of 30% to 35% of the total nitrogen is ideal, while the remaining nutrients should be reserved for later stages, such as the tasseling and ear formation periods, to support continuous growth and proper development of male and female ears.
In high-fertility fields, where the soil is rich and the plants grow strongly with large populations, yields can exceed 650 to 750 kilograms per acre. To prevent leggy growth and ensure steady development, it's advisable to limit the nitrogen application during the early seedling stage, using only 20% to 25% of the total nitrogen. The rest of the fertilizer should be saved for later stages, such as the grain-filling period, which helps in panicle enlargement, grain weight increase, and ultimately, achieving higher yields.
It’s also important to adjust the timing of topdressing based on soil moisture levels. Combining fertilization with irrigation ensures that the nutrients are effectively utilized, maximizing their impact on plant growth and productivity.
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