Molybdenum deficiency control measures in soybean
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To improve the growth and nitrogen fixation efficiency of soybeans, proper molybdenum application is essential. The most commonly used molybdenum fertilizer is ammonium molybdate. When applying it to the soil, only 2 grams of ammonium molybdate should be used per kilogram of soybean seeds. To prepare the solution, dissolve the ammonium molybdate in five times its weight in hot water, stir thoroughly, let it cool, and then apply it. Another effective method is foliar spraying, which should be done before and after flowering. A solution with a concentration of 0.005% to 0.01% is recommended, and this should be done at least twice during the growing season.
In acidic soils, molybdenum availability tends to be low, so it’s advisable to apply lime to reduce soil acidity, thereby improving molybdenum uptake. However, molybdenum is typically best applied through root dressing rather than direct soil application. If soil application is necessary, mix 200 grams of molybdenum fertilizer with organic matter and spread it over an acre. It's important not to use molybdenum in the same field year after year to avoid over-application.
Before applying molybdenum, it's crucial to check whether the soil is deficient in phosphorus. If phosphorus levels are low, phosphate fertilizer should be added first, as using only molybdenum can reduce the number of root nodules. Additionally, excessive use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers can also suppress nodule formation, leading to smaller nodules and lower nitrogen fixation rates.
Phosphorus plays a vital role in the development of root nodules and the overall nitrogen fixation process in soybeans. It promotes root growth and enhances nodule development, which in turn improves the plant's ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Therefore, in leguminous crops like soybeans, it's important to apply phosphate fertilizer to support efficient nitrogen fixation. This synergy between nitrogen and phosphorus can lead to better yields and healthier plants, making the "nitrogen-phosphorus" effect a key strategy in sustainable soybean cultivation.