Grapes are native to Europe, West Asia, and North Africa. China has a long history of cultivating grapes, with records dating back over 2,000 years. The ideal growing conditions for grapes involve a balance of sunlight and temperature. Too little sun can make the fruit sour, while too much can cause it to become overly sweet. During the vine growth stage, the optimal temperature range is between 20°C and 25°C.
Controlling common grape diseases without pollution is crucial for healthy cultivation. One such disease is grape white rot, which affects the fruit, early clusters, and vines. It starts from the lower parts of the plant, causing brown, watery lesions that spread to the entire cluster. The infected fruit becomes soft and may develop grayish-white spots, sometimes releasing black mucus after rain.
To manage this, chemical control is recommended during the rainy season, from mid-flowering to mid-August. Spraying 1000 times 50% carbendazim or 800 times 50% mancozeb, or using a 1:0.5:180 Bordeaux mixture, is effective. Physical measures, like removing infected parts and keeping the fruit off the ground, also help reduce disease incidence.
Another issue is grape black spot disease, which affects leaves, shoots, and fruit. Symptoms include small, polygonal lesions on young leaves and a "bird's-eye" appearance on the fruit. Prevention involves spraying 1:0.5:180 Bordeaux mixture or 800 times 50% thiophanate-methyl before and after flowering. Removing diseased material during winter is also important.
Grape downy mildew is another concern, especially in wet conditions. It causes yellow-brown lesions on leaves and a grayish mold on the underside. Spraying 1:0.5:180 Bordeaux mixture or 250 times 40% metalaxyl helps control it. Removing debris from the orchard is also essential.
Grape anthracnose, or late rot, appears as purple patches on the fruit, leading to soft rot. Spraying 1:0.5:180 Bordeaux mixture or 500 times 50% carbendazim during July and August can prevent it. Prompt removal of affected fruit is also necessary.
Other pests include nematodes, which damage roots, and leafhoppers, which cause leaf discoloration. Control methods include using insecticides like 3000 times 80% dichlorvos and burning infested plants.
Grape red spider and two-star leafhopper also pose threats. Spraying 3000 times 73% tebufenozide or 1000 times 40% dicofol helps manage these pests. Proper pruning, irrigation, and pest control throughout the growing season are essential for high-quality grape production.
During the dormant period, winter pruning is critical. Diseased branches should be removed, and the orchard cleared to prevent disease spread. Soil should be prepared for the next season, and fertilizers and pesticides should be stocked.
For storage, pre-harvest treatments like spraying gibberellic acid and chlormequat can improve fruit quality. After harvesting, grapes should be cooled and stored in cold rooms, cellars, or sealed bags. Regular checks and proper humidity and temperature control ensure long-term storage.
Maintaining clean storage areas and using sulfur to disinfect them helps prevent spoilage. Each storage method—cold storage, cellar storage, film bags, or tile cylinders—has its own specific techniques to maximize grape preservation.
By following these practices, grape growers can maintain healthy crops and achieve better yields and quality. Proper care at every stage of the growing and storage process ensures that grapes remain fresh and marketable for extended periods.
Gas Grill
The gas oven is a modern cooking device that combines efficient heating and easy operation. It uses clean gas as an energy source to heat ingredients quickly and evenly through a precisely controlled flame, and whether it is baking pizza, barbecue or baked bread, it can be easily harnessed to bring mouthwatering taste. Gas ovens are not only easy to operate and quickly preheat, but also energy efficient, making them ideal for modern kitchens and commercial dining venues.
When the Gas Pizza Oven is working, the gas flow is controlled by the gas valve. After the ignition device ignites the gas, the flame burns in the furnace to produce high temperature. Heat is transferred to the pizza through the furnace wall, which heats it evenly and gradually RIPS it. Gas pizza ovens are usually equipped with temperature control systems that can precisely adjust the baking temperature to ensure the baking effect of the pizza.
High efficiency: Gas Pizza Oven heating speed, can reach the required baking temperature in a short time, improve baking efficiency.
Temperature control: Equipped with advanced temperature control system, the baking temperature can be accurately adjusted to meet the baking needs of different pizzas.
Environmental protection and energy saving: Gas as a clean energy, combustion produces less waste gas, less pollution to the environment. At the same time, the gas pizza oven has a high energy efficiency ratio, which can effectively reduce energy consumption.
Easy to clean: Components such as furnaces and baking nets are usually made of easy-to-clean materials, which facilitate daily maintenance and maintenance.
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