Chrysanthemum Yellow Oriental artificial breeding test
Collagen is a triple helical protein which can be considered as the bio-glue inside our body; in fact, animal glue can be obtained by boiling the animal skin. Collagen, a major component of connective tissues, exits in the extracellular space of these tissues which are the key reinforcing and bonding materials for all tissues and organs throughout our body, forming rigid structures as such bone, semi-rigid tissues such as cartilage, or soft tissues such as muscle, tendon, skin, ligaments, and cell membranes, etc. There are different forms (fibrillar and non- fibrillar) and types of collagens in the body; Type 1 being the major type constitutes over 90% in our body and is the major component in skin, tendon, vascular ligature, organs, bone (main component of the organic part of bone). Because collagen is an essential building material of all tissues and organs, it has many medical uses, such as in cardiac (hear) applications, cosmetic surgery, bone grafts, tissue regeneration, reconstructive surgical uses, and wound healing care.
Collagen is created inside fibroblast cells, and this process is needed to support the creation and repair of the body`s connective tissues. However, the biological process starts to breakdown when we are aging, normally after we reach the age of late 20s or early 30s. Because collagen from natural sources such as animal, fish scales or plant contain essentially the same amino acid compositions (glycine, proline, alanine, hydroxyproline, glutamic acid, arginine, aspartic acid, serine, lysine, leucine, valine, threonine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, etc.) as human collagen, supplement the body with the natural collagen, either by dermal application or through oral ingestion, can help rejuvenate collagen creation process to support the repairing of aging connective tissues in our body, particularly those in our skin, and to reverse or slow down the aging process for a more youthful appearance.
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Takifugu flavidus, also known as chrysanthemum yellow, belongs to the order form, family. It is mainly distributed in China's East China Sea, Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. It is a temperate coastal fish, staple foods shellfish, crustaceans, general adult fish body length 150 ~ 250mm. Chrysanthemum yellow is delicious and nutritious, but it contains river toxins, usually fasting fish. The muscles, testis, and kidneys are less toxic, the skin and intestines are more toxic, and the liver, gallbladder and ovaries are highly toxic. Therefore, the internal organs are important raw materials for extracting river toxins and have high medicinal value.
In recent years, due to over-fishing and pollution in coastal waters, the amount of natural resources of chrysanthemum has decreased. Artificial breeding research on chrysanthemum yellow can remedy the decline of resources, and can also meet the needs of developing new drugs, such as the extraction of river toxins; in addition, the breeding technology in the obscure Oriental has matured. For the lack of technical data on the artificial propagation of the chrysanthemum yellow, the experimental research was conducted on the artificial propagation of the chrysanthemum by the Seed Technical Center of the Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute from 2003 to 2004, and a total of 10 to 15 mm of Wuzi 22.8 was produced. Million.
Materials and Methods I. Test Materials
1. The origin of the parental chrysanthemum originated from the natural sea area and was acquired in October at the Nanchao Luchaogang farmers market. Choose a healthy, disease-free, non-injured adult fish with well-developed gonads as a parent.
2. The source of water is natural seawater in the waters of Hangzhou Bay. It is formulated with salinity of 30 in accordance with the salt and brine. After a dark day and night precipitation, it is filtered with a sieve of 200 mesh. The natural seawater was included in the reservoir in winter, when the salinity was 15; the brine was purchased from the Zhoushan salt farm in Zhejiang Province and Baume degree was 12 degrees.
3. Incubation pool The hatching pool is conical bottom, the upper mouth size is 1250mm (length) 850mm (width) 400mm (deep), the depth of the cone bottom is 400mm, the hatching pond volume is 0.6m3, and the practical water body is 0.5m3.
4. Nursery pond The nursery pond is a 4900mm (long) 2900mm (wide) 1500mm (deep) cement pond with a practical water volume of 20m3.
5. Inflatable equipment Roots blower, ordinary inflatable stone.
6. Heating equipment 1 t hot water boiler, circulation pipe.
Second, the method
1. Intensive breeding and oxytocin production The purchased chrysanthemum yellow parents were placed in an indoor cultivation tank for intensive cultivation. The water temperature was controlled at 17 to 19 °C. Thoroughly clean and disinfect the culture tank before stocking. Strengthen day-to-day management, feeding, sucking, changing water, continuously inflating, and maintaining good water quality. During the period of intensive cultivation, attention is paid to nutritional balance. Feed is mainly based on snails and razor clams, and fed regularly, qualitatively, and quantitatively. Check the gonad development of the broodstock at a proper time. On March 31, 2004, 6 females were selected and 9 males were injected with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone A2 (LHRH-A2 for short). Injection dose: female 20 ~ 40ug/kg, male fish halved.
2. After inseminating and hatching the parent to inject the hormone, observe the parent's response during the effect period. The gonad maturation of the female was checked at any time, and the abdomen was gently squeezed, and artificial insemination was performed immediately when a free egg was seen to be squeezed out. Artificial insemination uses a dry method. Fertilized eggs are incubated in seawater with a salinity of 30. After debonding, they are evenly distributed in the hatchery tank. Continuously inflated, the incubation temperature was controlled at 21-22°C, and membrane fry was observed for approximately 100 h.
3. Seedlings (1) Seedling Water The salinity is kept at 30 in the early stage of seedling raising. When the seedling grows up to 8mm or more, it begins to fade, reducing the salinity 3 to 4 every day until it approaches the salinity of natural seawater (about 15).
(2) Control of water temperature At the end of April and early May, the temperature is relatively low, and the temperature of the pool water is controlled at 23 to 25 °C with the use of a hot water boiler to provide heat. As the temperature gradually increases, the pool water is no longer warmed, basically at room temperature. Nursery.
(3) Water quality control After the fish fry begin to feed, the metabolites and residual bait increase, which can easily lead to the increase of ammonia nitrogen in the water. At this time, it is very important to strengthen water quality management. The method is: stop the air suction and sewage every day, change the water every other day, change the amount of water to more than 70% to ensure that the water is fresh; and continuously inflate, so that the dissolved oxygen in the water remains at 5mg/L or more.
(4) The fry of the fish just emerging from the membrane mainly rely on the yolk sac to provide nutrition. After the disappearance of the yolk sac, the sea rotifer is selected as the open bait. During the whole breeding process, the types of bait are: Seawater rotifers, Artemia larvae, Artemia colobans, and microparticle feeds.
The amount of rotifer feeding: In the nursery pond, the rotifer was injected into the nursery pond at a density of 8 to 10 cells/ml, supplemented 1 or 2 times a day on the afternoon and in the afternoon, and the replenishment volume was determined by changes in the density of the seedlings and the rotifer density. . In order to increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids in rotifers, the rotifers should be intensively cultivated before they are fed. Rotifers are generally fed continuously for 7 to 10 days.
Feeding amount of Artemia: after 5 days of fry breeding, a small amount of Artemia larvae can be fed in a small amount and fed twice a day. The feeding amount is generally 3 to 4/mL, which is mainly based on the breeding pond before feeding. The results of the inspection of the remaining amount of abundance insects were used to analyze and judge the next feeding amount. With the growth of the seedlings, the feeding amount of the Artemia nauplii is gradually increased. Usually, the Artemia nauplii is fed to the seedlings up to 15 mm or longer and lasts for 10 to 15 days.
Feeding amount of copepods: With the increase of fish body, increase of oral cracks, and increase of food intake, the copepods gradually replace the abundance of Artemia spp. in order to meet the needs of fish growth and development. When the fry was cultivated to 12 days, the copepods could be switched to feed, and the feed amount was increased or decreased according to the situation of the Dayton food intake. With the gradual increase of individual seedlings, appropriate additional micro-granules feed. In the alternating process from one kind of bait to another, the two kinds of bait should overlap 3d, so that the fry has a gradual adaptation process.
result
On March 31, 6 females were selected from the rearing pool, 9 males were injected with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone A2. After 48 hours, 5 females laid eggs. After artificial insemination, the fertilized eggs are incubated in sea water, and the temperature is controlled at 21-22°C, and the salinity is 30. After more than 60 hours, the eye can already see the eyes, and then the fertilization rate is calculated; Hours began to break the membrane. After more than 98% of embryos ruptured, the hatching rate was calculated. The fry was transferred to a nursery pond. The temperature of the nursery was maintained at 23 to 25°C, and daily management was strengthened to feed the appropriate food. After more than 20 days of cultivation, the chrysanthemum fry grows to more than 15 mm (commonly known as “Wu Tsai Tauâ€), and can raise stocks in ponds to calculate the survival rate of artificial seedlings.
Discussion and summary
1. The jurassic yellow oriental parent used in this experiment was obtained after sea catching to strengthen the cultivation. Due to the decline of marine fish resources, the origin of E. chinensis is difficult, and there are relatively few broodstocks that can be selected, so the stability of seedling cultivation is poor.
2. The oxytocin hormone LHRH-A2 was used for intramuscular injection. The injection dose of the female was 20-40 ug/kg, and the male fish was halved. The oxytocin temperature was controlled at 21-22°C, and the effect period was reached after 48 hours of injection. Timely ovulation examinations were conducted and artificial insemination was performed when free ovum was visible from the vents.
3. Control the salinity and temperature when incubating, and continue to inflate, so that the eggs are fully tumbling to ensure the normal development of fertilized eggs. The time for hatching changes with temperature.
4. In the fry breeding process, according to its growth and development, the timely replacement of bait species is the key to success. In the bait conversion should be natural. The rotifers were used as open bait. When the fry was more than 5mm in length, they were fed with larval nodules, and when they were more than 10mm, they gradually switched to copepods.
5. Different larvae have different requirements for salinity. Try not to make the transient change too large. When the fish body grows to more than 8mm, gradually reduce the salinity until it is close to the salinity of natural seawater. During the nursery process, the sewage should be frequently sucked and changed frequently to control the feeding amount of the food. Dark sedimentation, filtration and other treatments were used to raise the water for seedlings, and oxytetracycline (1 mg/L) was splashed from time to time in order to prevent disease and improve water quality.
6. Chrysanthemum Yellow Oriental is a fierce carnivorous fish, if the food is not enough, high density will eat each other. Therefore, the density of seedlings should be properly controlled, and the pool should be divided in time to strengthen the feeding in order to increase the survival rate of seedlings.
