Analysis of Current Status of Tilapia Processing in China

China's tilapia culture has developed rapidly in the past ten years. China has become the world's largest tilapia aquaculture production country, with production accounting for 55% of the world's total. Most of them are sold through fresh fish. At present, there are three main types of tilapia processed products: First, tilapia frozen whole fish (descaled, visceral, debrid), these products have low technical requirements, the price is low, and tilapia after processing waste More, need further processing and utilization; Second, frozen tilapia fillets, such products require higher processing technology, fish fillets are also of high value; Third, frozen fresh fish fillets, such products have high technical content and highest value , favored by European and American consumers.
There are about 120 companies that currently process tilapia in China, and about 30 companies specialize in tilapia processing. The main products are of 3 major categories, one of which is a shallow peeled tilapia fillet with specifications of 2/3, 3/5, 5/7, 7/9, 9/11 (oz), and the other is deep peeling. Tilapia fillets are mainly 3/5, 5/7 (oz) in size; and third, frozen tilapia, mainly raw, two, and three, are exported to the United States, the European Union, and Africa. , Middle East, Japan and so on. Among them, the frozen tilapia production accounts for 42%-46%, but the frozen tilapia processing technology is low, the market price is low, and the profit is not large. At the same time, due to factors such as seasonality, latitude, aquaculture technology, and tilapia species, China's processed tilapia fillets are 3/5 in size, making it difficult to meet the demand for 5/7 fillet sales in the international market. the amount. Therefore, the companies processing tilapia are basically in a semi-discontinued state, and the speed of development and scale expansion is not optimistic. In the use of equipment, most companies have used semi-automatic tilapia opening, trimming lines, semi-automatic fillet peeling machines, fillets and live fish, manual coloring cabinets, automatic vacuum sealers, automatic spirals and steel With conveyor-type quick-freezing tunnel and automatic metal detector, the technology used is wood smoke color, Co hair color, ozone disinfection, low temperature quick freezing, ultra-low temperature quick freezing, high-tech instrument detection, high performance liquid chromatography, atomic fluorescence spectrometer, mass Instrument, the adopted standard is "HACCP Management System".
At present, there are still many problems in the rapid development of the tilapia processing industry in China. Therefore, in order to win the export market and purchase raw fish, there is often a vicious competition of "inner-type". This loose industrial structure has seriously hindered the development and deepening of tilapia industrialization in China.
1, the level of industrialization of enterprises is not high.
After China's accession to the WTO, enterprises should actively participate in the competition in the international market. China's tilapia research, processing, and sales are basically in their own independent state. The industrial chain has not yet been assembled organically. The strength of the enterprise is not strong, and it is difficult to form industrialization. Large-scale, it is difficult to form a leading company with strength. Tilapia processing and export have entered a period of rapid development. However, due to the fact that the company itself is not strong enough, the export form of tilapia is partly responsible for the processing and export of foreign agents. Many of them are second-hand orders from Taiwan and lack independent export channels. The export method is not conducive to expanding exports and improving the economic efficiency of enterprises. It is also not conducive to the development and growth of the enterprise itself.
2. The tilapia processing technology content and added value are low, and it is difficult to adapt to market competition.
China's current export of tilapia products is mainly based on frozen tilapia fish, that is, tilapia with scales and viscera. In terms of export statistics, strips currently account for 70% of total tilapia product exports. However, such products have low technical content and low market prices. Market sales in Western countries are mainly low-income. The class, the main market for such products is in Africa, the Middle East, Mexico and other regions. Many tilapia processing companies in China are based on such products. Due to limited sales, low prices, and low profits, companies are slow to develop, even semi-production and semi-cessation.
3, Tilapia deep processing products packaging delay.
China is the country with the largest tilapia cultivation volume, its total volume has increased substantially, and the overall production efficiency has increased significantly. However, due to various reasons, especially the packaging problem, there is often a great loss in terms of exports. The reason is mainly that companies and businesses do not attach importance to the packaging of tilapia products. Among tilapia processing and export companies, most companies still have various vague understandings of product packaging. Some companies' operators even believe that the quality of the exported tilapia is only good enough, and the packaging does not matter. The poor quality of outer packaging leads to the loss of export of tilapia products. The main manifestations are as follows: First, the material is not rigid, and cannot withstand long-distance transportation and multiple handling, resulting in the crushing of the package and damaging the inherent quality of the product. In particular, tilapia products, once contaminated, become inferior products and waste products. Second, it does not meet the requirements of “green packaging”. The materials contain toxic components that pollute the environment and affect health, and ultimately affect the quality of the aquatic products themselves. Third, the identification of the packaging logo and the text do not meet the requirements and regulations of the importing country, and ultimately led to the product "returned without consultation." Today, the United States, the European Union and other countries have increased the packaging inspection standards for tilapia products from a few dozen items to dozens, and some of these indicators are even subtle to the printing level of packaging, such as labels, as long as they are on the packaging. A logo is missing, and even if the quality is better, it will not be lost.
4, Tilapia product quality and testing standards are not synchronized with the United States and Europe.
Due to China’s accession to the WTO, some developed countries can no longer rely on designated quotas to limit the export of aquatic products in China, so they have successively raised the quality inspection indicators for imported products, namely “green barriers” to raise the threshold for imports, and such trade barriers are also the WTO. allow. In tilapia products, product quality, ecological farming techniques, development of green and organic tilapia production are receiving more and more attention. The residues of "malachite green", crystal violet, and chloramphenicol are strictly controlled in the United States and Europe. Therefore, if China’s tilapia products enter the US and European markets, we must set up our own tilapia export product quality monitoring system, and gradually increase safety, health and other indicators according to the development of the international market, and reach the international advanced level, thus improving our country’s The quality of tilapia products, in order to take the initiative to break through trade barriers, allow more high-quality tilapia products to enter the international market and establish a good brand image.
5. There is a large gap between the quality and specifications of the international market.
At present, the export of tilapia products in China has a large gap with the international market in terms of specifications and quality: (1) Frozen tilapia fillets on the international market mainly consist of 4 to 6 ounces and 5 to 7 ounces. However, tilapia processing companies in China are not able to obtain a large number of tilapia of this type. Tilapia fillets are chilled and fresh, and they are far behind in terms of preservation technology, making Chinese tilapia processing companies unable to serve the US and European markets. Provide the most value-added products that are most popular with consumers. (2) Tilapia are omnivorous fish, and often have muddy smells that people in Europe and America hate. Therefore, before going on the market, we must improve the feed and improve the water quality (sprinkle some zeolite powder if necessary). We must raise them in clean water for a while. Of course, it is best to use seawater, which can remove the smell of mud and make the meat tight and elastic, in line with the quality requirements of the international market. However, due to technical and other reasons, China's tilapia products rarely meet these high quality requirements.
6. The application of biotechnology in tilapia processing is insufficient.
In China's traditional tilapia processing products, two full tilapia (refrigerated, scaled) fish are frozen. Due to limited processing conditions (machinery is imperfect and not advanced), a large amount of waste will be produced, if not Effective treatment will not only pollute the environment, but also waste valuable protein resources. After testing, tilapia waste contains complete muscle protein, muscle protein, actin, collagen protein, mucin, cartilage protein, and elastin. And other ingredients). At present, the use of these wastes is limited to the processing of low-value products such as salted fishmeal, and it has failed to make full use of protein resources. If bioengineering techniques and enzyme engineering techniques are used, the leftovers are subjected to a deodorization and deodorization technology, and the functional foods and protein sources that must have high amino acid content and are reasonably priced are used to formulate feeds for pellets (pets for animals) and exported or sold domestically. It can improve the added value of tilapia deep processing and greatly increase the economic benefits of the company.
Although there are many problems in the tilapia processing industry in China, there is a huge demand for tilapia products in the international market. Under the advantages of abundant tilapia resources and low production costs, the tilapia processing industry has great prospects. And a strong industry-led ability. In the future development, we will establish a comprehensive technology and quality safety inspection and supervision system in the form of tilapia leading enterprises + bases + farmer's industrialization forms, and implement leading strategies to drive strategies to support, develop, and expand a group of competitive forces. The aquatic products processing and distribution enterprises have enhanced the use of radiation to form a scaled-up base for enterprises, bases and farms, and the linkage situation of farmers and farmers, and have cultivated tilapia products with excellent quality, good efficiency and good market prospects into international and domestic markets. Famous brands, in order to drive the development of related companies or products, to achieve the tilapia industry goals, so that China's tilapia production in the international market has a core competitiveness.

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