Fertilizer mechanization deep application technology is good

There are many advantages in the application of chemical fertilizers, mainly in the following four aspects:

1. Improve the utilization rate of fertilizers. The deep application of chemical fertilizer can reduce the loss and waste of chemical fertilizer. In the soil layer of 6-10 cm below the deep application of ammonium bicarbonate and urea, the utilization rate of nitrogen on the surface can be increased from 27% and 37% to 50%, respectively. 58%. After extensive application of chemical fertilizers in a large area, the average utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers can be increased from 30% to over 40%. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and deep application can also reduce the loss of wind erosion, promote crop absorption and extend fertilizer efficiency, and improve fertilizer utilization.

2. Increase crop yield. Deep application of chemical fertilizer can promote root development, enhance crops' ability to absorb nutrients, water and drought, and is conducive to plant growth, thereby increasing crop yield. Under the same conditions, the application of wheat and corn in the deep application can increase the yield by 225-675kg/hm2, and the soybean yield can increase by 225-375kg/hm2. The yield increase is between 5% and 15%.

3. Mechanical operation can ensure the isolation of seeds and fertilizers and avoid burning phenomenon. When the fertilizer is mixed with the bed, the chemical fertilizer is directly in contact with the seed, and it is easy to corrode the seed and seedling roots, and the phenomenon of burning seedlings occurs. The mechanical deep application can apply the chemical fertilizer to the seed 3 to 6 cm, and the seed side 4 to 5 cm, so that there is a soil separation layer of 3 cm between the seed and the fertilizer to avoid burning, which is conducive to seedling and yield increase.

4. Mechanical fertilization has high work efficiency, low labor intensity and obvious effect of saving money. The productivity per hour of machine-derived fertilizer deep application is generally above 0.33~0.67hm2, and the efficiency is 10~20 times higher than manual operation. The deep application mechanization technology of chemical fertilizer has significant cost-saving effect.

Technical points of chemical fertilizer deepening

1. The bottom fertilizer should be combined with the soil tillage operation. At present, there are two methods for deep application of bottom fertilizer. One is to first plow and then to plow, and the second is to apply fertilizer to the furrow in the same way. The second method is better.

2, the application of deep fertilizer. The fertilizer must be applied deep at the time of sowing, which can be done by installing a fertilizer tank and a fertilizer discharge device on the planter. The requirements for the implements are not only to strictly guarantee the amount of fertilizer, seeding, depth, plant spacing and row spacing according to the agronomic requirements, but also to form a soil thickness of a certain thickness (generally above 3 cm) between the seeds and the fertilizer. To meet the demand for nutrients in crop seedling growth, and to avoid the phenomenon of burning seedlings mixed with fertilizer.

The application of this technology to the rational application of chemical fertilizers in the field of soil treatment should follow the following basic principles:

(1) Select the appropriate fertilizer variety.

(2) Fertilizer and organic fertilizer are applied together. The application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers complements the needs of crops for nutrients in each period.

(3) Do a good job of fertilization according to the amount of fertilizer applied and the appropriate proportion of various nutrients. If the demand is high, it should be ensured that the soil has the same depth of ploughing and no ploughing, so that the soil is broken and the soil is in good condition.