Apple bagging management
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Crude Herbs,Berberine Coptis,Raw Herbs Radix Coptis,Herbs Radix Coptis Chongqing Taisun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , https://www.taisuncoptis.com Apple single bagging is one of the important technical measures for producing high-quality, high-sprinkle and pollution-free fruits. Practice has proved that bagging is a practical new technology with low investment, high efficiency, simple operation, and easy promotion.
First, the role of fruit bagging.
1. Protect the fruit surface: Bagging can prevent the fruit from dust pollution, reduce pests and insecticides and pesticide residue, make the fruit surface smooth and beautiful, and can effectively prevent the occurrence of fruit rust of Jin Shuai and other varieties. The prevention and control effect of the red apple fruit ringworm disease can be as high as 85% to 98%, greatly reducing the rate of rotten fruit, increasing effective yield and income.
2. Promote coloring: Bagging can promote coloration of red varieties, make the fruit surface rich red, improve the proportion of the whole red fruit. According to tests conducted at the fruit tree test station in Yantai, Shandong, the export rate of the Red Fuji fruit bags can reach more than 50%. Beijing's agricultural technology promotion stations in Huairou and Shunyi proved that the net income of bagging apples can be doubled.
3. Maintain the freshness of the fruit: After bagging the fruit, it does not wrinkle, loses water, can maintain the freshness of the fruit for a long time, and improves the storability of the fruit.
Second, the type of paper bag:
At present, there are many paper bags used for fruit bagging, including imported, homemade, and self-made simple paper bags. According to different apple varieties, choose a suitable paper bag type.
1. Red varieties: The main purpose of the red bagging of Pingcha is to promote the development of red color and make the fruit colorful. Therefore, paper bags with red varieties of fruits must have good light-shielding properties. This is because shading by the bagging inhibits the formation of fruit chlorophyll and makes the fruit surface milky white. After entering the bagging period of the coloring period, the fruit is exposed, which reduces the green process of peel and the effect of residual chlorophyll on red development. The glycosides rapidly increase, thereby increasing the speed of coloration and the degree of coloration of the fruit. There are two main types of shading bags that are suitable for red varieties. (1) Double paper bags. The outside of the outer bag is gray, green and other colors, and the inside is black. The inner bag is coated with paraffin and is red. It is actually a non-sealed paper tube. Both black and red bags have a light-shielding effect. This kind of paper bag is often used in difficult-to-color varieties or applications in areas that are not conducive to coloration. The size of the paper bag depends on the size of the fruit. It is generally 13.5 to 14.5 cm wide and 15 to 17 cm long. A 3-centimeter incision was made in the center of the upper pocket of the paper bag, and a 3 cm long thin wire was added to the upper edge. A 0.5-cm vent hole was opened in the lower corners of the paper bag. The advantage of this kind of paper bag is that the fruit is well colored. The disadvantage is that the temperature inside the bag is high, and the expansion of the young fruit is postponed. The fruits from the bag are prone to burn out. The technical requirements for using this kind of paper bag are high, and the fruit grower cannot grasp it easily. The speed is slow; the cost of paper bags is high and it is unbearable for farmers. (2) Single-layer paper bag. This kind of paper bag is generally made of pure wood pulp paper. The surface is coated with a layer of paraffin wax and special drugs. It is pale yellow, strong in toughness, resistant to washing, and not easily broken. Paraffin can prevent the infiltration of rainwater, and can also avoid paper bags sticking to the fruit surface and prevent the formation of star-shaped rust spots. At the same time, paraffin wax has a certain degree of transparency, and the skin still maintains a certain amount of chlorophyll, which can reduce the impact of bagging on early fruit growth. This kind of paper bag is easy to use, low in cost, effective, and can be widely promoted in production. There is also a single-layer bag, the appearance of gray, green and other colors, the table is black, with a strong shading effect. This kind of paper bag is used for more easily colored varieties.
2. Green varieties: Green varieties Fruit bags are mainly used to protect the fruit surface, prevent pollution, and prevent fruit rust. In contrast to red varieties, it requires the protection of the green characteristics of green varieties. Therefore, green varieties should be selected to have a certain transparency of the paper bag, so that after fruit bagging, can still accept a part of the light, so that it forms chlorophyll, showing green. The fruits of green varieties are mostly single-layered bags, which are generally made of waxy yellow striped paper with light transmission properties. There are also waxy white papers used for processing. Such bags have better light transmission than the previous one. Another is a simple newspaper bag. This kind of bag is made from tough old newspapers. Because of the poor quality of the paper, this kind of paper bag is easily broken by wind and rain, easily sticks to the fruit after rain and rain, and forms rust spots. However, the paper bag is low in cost and easy to make. It is suitable for application to non-red varieties such as Jin Shuai.
Third, bagging time and methods.
1. Bagging time: red varieties, such as the new red star, Jonagold, Red Fuji, etc., generally in 25 to 40 days after the Xiehua, that is, within half a month of fruit thinning, the bag is put on. It is generally conducted in early June and the wheat is completely set before it is closed. The growth period of the red Fuji fruit in the bag should generally be more than 50 days. The young fruit before bagging should be sprayed with 1 or 2 insecticidal bactericides, and after 2 months, the second bactericide can be sprayed before bagging. 50% Mancozeb WP 500 times (2.5% Kung Fu EC 3000) ~ 3500 times liquid) calcium deficiency area should also be sprayed once calcium fertilizer. Note that the sooner the bagging is, the better the anti-rust effect is. It is best to finish within 10-15 days after the thank you. Other varieties of orchard with heavy rust should also be implemented as early as possible.
2. Bagging method: Before bagging, first inflate the bag to make the bag inflated to prevent the paper bag from burning on the fruit surface. Then put the young fruit into the bag and put the fruit in the center of the bag. Put the bag on the bag. The mouth is tightly attached, so that the abutment and leaves of the fruit stage are exposed outside the paper bag. When using a double-layer bag, do not bundle the wire on the handle to prevent wind and rain from swaying the handle and causing fruit drop. Due to the different manufacturers of paper bags, the specifications are different, and the requirements for banding are also different. They should be used as required.
Fourth, remove the paper bag:
After the red varieties and green varieties are bagged, the time and method of removing the paper bags are different, and the double-layer bags and the single-layer bags are also different.
1. Picking time: The red variety was removed from the bag at the later stage of fruit coloring. The coloring period after the new red star goes bag should be 25 to 30 days, Red Fuji 30 to 35 days. The new Hongxing should be bagged in mid-August, and Red Fuji apples should be bagged from late September to early October. Pre-bagging is too early, the fruit is exposed for too long, the skin becomes rough and the color is dark; when the bag is too late, the coloring period is too short. Although the peel is delicate, the color is fresh, but the color is light, and it is easy to fade during storage. Green varieties such as Jin Shuai’s apple, which is mainly bagged for preventing fruit rust, can be picked 1 month before the fruit is harvested, or can be picked off together with harvesting. The fruit rust produced by Jin Shuai’s apple is mainly in the young fruit stage formed by the cuticle. When the young fruit grows to 40 days, the cuticle of the fruit peel has formed and there is no longer fruit rust. In order to reduce the adverse effect of bagging on fruit quality and fruit development, a small paper bag (91 cm, 12 cm) can be promoted. Fruits that are prone to fruit rust grow in the bag. When the cuticle is formed, The fruit enlargement allows the fruit to burst into the paper bag to fall off and grow without bagging. After shedding, there is a growing period of nearly 2 months. The green tissue of the fruit can also perform strong photosynthesis in order to increase the accumulation of fruit photosynthesis, and the fruit's intrinsic quality is better than that of a large sack.
2. Bag removal method: (1) double bag. Remove the outer bag first and remove the inner bag after allowing the fruit to adapt to the external environment for about 4 days. When going to the outer bag and the inner bag, it should be done from 10 a.m. to 16 p.m. on a sunny day. In this way, the fruit temperature is higher and the temperature difference between the inside of the bag and the outside of the bag is small. At this time, the fruit transpiration is vigorous and it is not easy to cause day burn. When the outer bag is removed, the wire is removed and the inner bag rests on the fruit only. The bag breaks out of the mouth and the inner bag breaks up to be exposed to sunlight. (2) Single-layer bags. The bag-breaking method for single-layer bags is: from 10 am to 16 pm, the paper bag is torn first, but the bag is attached to the fruit. After 4 days, the fruit is removed after it adapts to the external environment. bag. After going to the bag, the generally easy-to-color variety can be covered with red in 10 to 15 days, and the hard-to-color variety can also be used in about 30 days. In addition to bags, we must pay attention to doing a good job picking leaves, transfer fruit and other supporting technical measures.
V. Precautions:
Orchard planted by bagging should be integrated with control measures before bagging to minimize the initial infestation source and population density of fruit diseases and insect pests. It is necessary to prevent ringworm disease, anthrax, and worms in advance. Calcium-deficient orchards should be sprayed with calcium fertilizer once and then bagged. Do not spray Bordeaux mixture and organophosphorus pesticides or emulsifiable concentrate formulations before flowering until bagging. If necessary, spray only low-grade wettable powder pesticides, but it is best not to spray. Red fruit varieties are not easy to use paper bags. Because newspapers are mostly made of straw pulp, the air permeability and light transmittance of the newspaper bags are strong. After the bags are removed, the red varieties are not colored. Newspaper paper bags are crispy and not water resistant. They are easily broken after being exposed to wind, sun, and rain. They are also easy to stick on the peel, and are not easy to remove when removing bags, which affects coloring.
The actual time of bagging is generally lower than that of bag-free soluble solids. Therefore, the bagged fruit should be harvested at an appropriate time to improve the sweetness and flavor of the fruit.