Non-pollution rice cultivation techniques
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To implement the pollution-free cultivation of rice, we must abide by the principle of sustainable development, produce according to specific production methods, and proceed from the four environments of species selection and reasonable cultivation, production environment, fertilizer and pesticide use to produce pollution-free safe, high-quality, nutritious rice. And confirmed by a specialized agency.
1 Variety selection
1.1 Rice seed should be selected. The first species of rice must have excellent seed quality, including high yield, resistance to pests and diseases, stress resistance, moderate growth period, and superior quality; second, it must be excellent seeds and have the characteristics of the varieties, that is, the seeds are true, pure and clean, and clean. Full and full, germinating and robust, no infectious diseases, dry and resistant to storage.
1.2 Quality standards for rice seeds. The criteria for hybrid rice seeds are: the purity of first-class seeds is not less than 98.0%, the clarity is not less than 98.0%, the germination rate is not less than 80%, the moisture content is not higher than 13.0%, and the purity of secondary seeds is not less than 96.0%. , The clarity is not less than 98.0%, the germination rate is not less than 80%, and the moisture content is not higher than 13.0%. The standard of conventional rice seeds is: the purity of the original species is not lower than 99.9%, the degree of clarity is not lower than 98.0%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, the moisture content is not higher than 13.0%, the purity of the refined species is not lower than 98.0%, and the degree of purity is not Below 98.0%, the germination rate is not less than 85% and the moisture content is not higher than 13.0%.
2 Rational cultivation
2.1 First of all, we must do a good job of drying seeds and seeds. Seed soaking in rice seeds for 3 to 5 days, and thinly soak seeds for 2 to 3 days and then winnowing; seeds after winnowing are selected with yellow muddy water or brine of 1:1 specific gravity, and then 25% can be used. Wet carbendazim powder 500 times liquid soaked, or with bacteriocin clear 15g water 9kg, soaked rice 6kg.
2.2 Comprehensively promote rice pollution-free dry cultivation and strong breeding, cultivate strong seedlings, and increase resistance.
2.3 Proper and close planting. Reasonable dense planting is an important prerequisite for high quality and high yield of rice. A reasonable close planting can promote the coordinated development of single plant and population structure of rice, improve the field's temperature and light conditions, strengthen photosynthesis, promote the accumulation of organic matter, and increase production. Planting density should be based on species, geographical conditions, soil fertility and planting forms.
2.4 Scientific management of water. Non-pollution rice cultivation should adopt shallow water planting, wet standing seedlings, inch water return green, thin moisture. When the number of seedlings in the field reached 80% of the expected number of panicles, the dehydration field was started and light sun was applied several times. When drying in the fields, the water is drained and dried. After the fields are dry for 3 to 5 days, they are washed with fresh water for 2 to 3 days and then dried again. Water heading, grouting, alternating wet and dry seeds. After the grouting is strong, we will stick to thousands of wet and intermittent irrigations until the surface water will naturally dry and then be treated with new water to prevent late dewatering from affecting the quality of high quality rice.
2.5 It is best to implement mechanical or manual weeding and hoeing, while removing pests and plants. Weed control can also use high-efficiency, no pesticide residues of high-efficiency herbicide - 50% anti-cancer net control.
2.6 In autumn and winter, deepen the sun, clean the countryside, and implement regional planting to reduce the bridges of pests and migrating.
3 Production bases in production areas should be selected in areas without pollution and good ecological conditions. They should be far away from the industrial and mining areas and highways and railways to avoid the impact of industrial and urban pollution sources and have a sustainable production capacity. The specific indicators are:
3.1 Air quality: In the standard state, the daily average concentration of sulfur dioxide per cubic meter should be ≤ 0.25mg, fluoride should be ≤ 71μg;
3.2 Irrigation water quality: pH is between 5.5 and 8.5, total mercury per liter of water ≤ 0.001mg, total cadmium ≤ 0.01mg, total arsenic ≤ 0.05mg, chromium (hexavalent) ≤ 0.1mg, total lead ≤ 0.1mg, petroleum ≤5.0mg, volatile phenol ≤ 1.0mg;
3.3 Soil environmental quality: When the pH is less than 6.5, total cadmium per kg is ≤ 0.3 mg, total mercury ≤ 0.3 mg, total arsenic ≤ 30 mg, total lead ≤ 250 mg, total chrome ≤ 250 mg; when the pH is between 6.5 and 7.5 Total cadmium ≤ 0.3mg, total mercury ≤ 0.5mg, total arsenic ≤ 25mg, total lead ≤ 300mg, total chromium ≤ 300rug; when pH> 7.5, total cadmium ≤ 0.6mg, total mercury ≤ 1.0mg, total arsenic ≤ 20mg , Total lead ≤ 350mg, Total chromium ≤ 350mg.
4 drug use
4.1 The principle of pollution-free rice fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, control chemical nitrogen fertilizer application amount, ensure the application of phosphate fertilizer, increase the amount of potash fertilizer, and promote the use of pollution-free rice fertilizer or compound fertilizer. Appropriate application of organic fertilizers include compost, manure, manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw fertilizer, mud manure, and cake manure. Organic manure is mainly returned to the straw field in the first year.
4.2 The use of pesticides should follow the plant protection policy of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, proceed from the rice paddy ecosystem, implement cultivation, use a variety of prevention and control measures, control the pests below the economic allowable value, and ensure the pesticides in rice. Residues meet regulations. To implement chemical control, we must strictly follow the pollution prevention and control targets designated for pollution-free production, apply pesticides during the appropriate period of control, and appropriately mix one drug with multiple treatments or pesticides; use limited-use, high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides Variety, control of application amount and safety interval, or application of pesticide loading method to control early generation of aphids and weeds; targeted low volume spraying of rice leaf pests and panicle pests. The use of highly toxic, high-residue pesticides is prohibited. The implementation of biological control: First, we must pay attention to the protection and use of natural enemies, maintain the diversity of natural enemies, and give full play to the role of natural enemies in the control of pests; Second, the limited use of biological pesticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Jinggangmycin, etc.; Third, ducks, namely In the period from rice returning to the booting stage, weeds in the early stage of weeds and rice root pests can be effectively controlled. With the improvement of people’s living standards, people’s health consumption demands have been increasing, and the quality and safety of agricultural products have received more attention. Pollution-free agricultural products refer to the production environment, production process and product quality that are in compliance with the relevant national standards and specifications, and have been certified to obtain the certification and to allow the use of uncontaminated agricultural products without unprocessed or primary processed agricultural products.
To implement the pollution-free cultivation of rice, we must abide by the principle of sustainable development, produce according to specific production methods, and proceed from the four environments of species selection and reasonable cultivation, production environment, fertilizer and pesticide use to produce pollution-free safe, high-quality, nutritious rice. And confirmed by a specialized agency.
1 Variety selection
1.1 Rice seed should be selected. The first species of rice must have excellent seed quality, including high yield, resistance to pests and diseases, stress resistance, moderate growth period, and superior quality; second, it must be excellent seeds and have the characteristics of the varieties, that is, the seeds are true, pure and clean, and clean. Full and full, germinating and robust, no infectious diseases, dry and resistant to storage.
1.2 Quality standards for rice seeds. The criteria for hybrid rice seeds are: the purity of first-class seeds is not less than 98.0%, the clarity is not less than 98.0%, the germination rate is not less than 80%, the moisture content is not higher than 13.0%, and the purity of secondary seeds is not less than 96.0%. , The clarity is not less than 98.0%, the germination rate is not less than 80%, and the moisture content is not higher than 13.0%. The standard of conventional rice seeds is: the purity of the original species is not lower than 99.9%, the degree of clarity is not lower than 98.0%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, the moisture content is not higher than 13.0%, the purity of the refined species is not lower than 98.0%, and the degree of purity is not Below 98.0%, the germination rate is not less than 85% and the moisture content is not higher than 13.0%.
2 Rational cultivation
2.1 First of all, we must do a good job of drying seeds and seeds. Seed soaking in rice seeds for 3 to 5 days, and thinly soak seeds for 2 to 3 days and then winnowing; seeds after winnowing are selected with yellow muddy water or brine of 1:1 specific gravity, and then 25% can be used. Wet carbendazim powder 500 times liquid soaked, or with bacteriocin clear 15g water 9kg, soaked rice 6kg.
2.2 Comprehensively promote rice pollution-free dry cultivation and strong breeding, cultivate strong seedlings, and increase resistance.
2.3 Proper and close planting. Reasonable dense planting is an important prerequisite for high quality and high yield of rice. A reasonable close planting can promote the coordinated development of single plant and population structure of rice, improve the field's temperature and light conditions, strengthen photosynthesis, promote the accumulation of organic matter, and increase production. Planting density should be based on species, geographical conditions, soil fertility and planting forms.
2.4 Scientific management of water. Non-pollution rice cultivation should adopt shallow water planting, wet standing seedlings, inch water return green, thin moisture. When the number of seedlings in the field reached 80% of the expected number of panicles, the dehydration field was started and light sun was applied several times. When drying in the fields, the water is drained and dried. After the fields are dry for 3 to 5 days, they are washed with fresh water for 2 to 3 days and then dried again. Water heading, grouting, alternating wet and dry seeds. After the grouting is strong, we will stick to thousands of wet and intermittent irrigations until the surface water will naturally dry and then be treated with new water to prevent late dewatering from affecting the quality of high quality rice.
2.5 It is best to implement mechanical or manual weeding and hoeing, while removing pests and plants. Weed control can also use high-efficiency, no pesticide residues of high-efficiency herbicide - 50% anti-cancer net control.
2.6 In autumn and winter, deepen the sun, clean the countryside, and implement regional planting to reduce the bridges of pests and migrating.
3 Production bases in production areas should be selected in areas without pollution and good ecological conditions. They should be far away from the industrial and mining areas and highways and railways to avoid the impact of industrial and urban pollution sources and have a sustainable production capacity. The specific indicators are:
3.1 Air quality: In the standard state, the daily average concentration of sulfur dioxide per cubic meter should be ≤ 0.25mg, fluoride should be ≤ 71μg;
3.2 Irrigation water quality: pH is between 5.5 and 8.5, total mercury per liter of water ≤ 0.001mg, total cadmium ≤ 0.01mg, total arsenic ≤ 0.05mg, chromium (hexavalent) ≤ 0.1mg, total lead ≤ 0.1mg, petroleum ≤5.0mg, volatile phenol ≤ 1.0mg;
3.3 Soil environmental quality: When the pH is less than 6.5, total cadmium per kg is ≤ 0.3 mg, total mercury ≤ 0.3 mg, total arsenic ≤ 30 mg, total lead ≤ 250 mg, total chrome ≤ 250 mg; when the pH is between 6.5 and 7.5 Total cadmium ≤ 0.3mg, total mercury ≤ 0.5mg, total arsenic ≤ 25mg, total lead ≤ 300mg, total chromium ≤ 300rug; when pH> 7.5, total cadmium ≤ 0.6mg, total mercury ≤ 1.0mg, total arsenic ≤ 20mg , Total lead ≤ 350mg, Total chromium ≤ 350mg.
4 drug use
4.1 The principle of pollution-free rice fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, control chemical nitrogen fertilizer application amount, ensure the application of phosphate fertilizer, increase the amount of potash fertilizer, and promote the use of pollution-free rice fertilizer or compound fertilizer. Appropriate application of organic fertilizers include compost, manure, manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw fertilizer, mud manure, and cake manure. Organic manure is mainly returned to the straw field in the first year.
4.2 The use of pesticides should follow the plant protection policy of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, proceed from the rice paddy ecosystem, implement cultivation, use a variety of prevention and control measures, control the pests below the economic allowable value, and ensure the pesticides in rice. Residues meet regulations. To implement chemical control, we must strictly follow the pollution prevention and control targets designated for pollution-free production, apply pesticides during the appropriate period of control, and appropriately mix one drug with multiple treatments or pesticides; use limited-use, high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides Variety, control of application amount and safety interval, or application of pesticide loading method to control early generation of aphids and weeds; targeted low volume spraying of rice leaf pests and panicle pests. The use of highly toxic, high-residue pesticides is prohibited. The implementation of biological control: First, we must pay attention to the protection and use of natural enemies, maintain the diversity of natural enemies, and give full play to the role of natural enemies in the control of pests; Second, the limited use of biological pesticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Jinggangmycin, etc.; Third, ducks, namely In the period from rice returning to the booting stage, weeds in the early stage of weeds and rice root pests can be effectively controlled.
