How Li Zishu Avoids Freezing Damage

Frost damage and frost damage refer to the phenomenon that the temperature of the soil and the plants on the fruit trees fall to 0° C. or 0° C. or less in the night of the growth period, or the frost falls, causing damage to the young part of the fruit trees. The average annual frost damage area in China reaches 340,000 km2. The heaviest year amounts to 770,000 km2, causing an annual loss of crops, fruit trees and vegetables of 3 billion yuan. In particular, in recent years, frost damage has been particularly serious in northern China. Some fruit trees that bloom early in spring often suffer from late frost hazards, lighter crops, and severe crop failures. Late frost hazard in some areas has become a limiting factor in the development of fruit trees.

In order to effectively prevent night frost damage in the future, I would like to give you some suggestions for you and other friends:

I. The relationship between orchard topography and frost damage

According to investigations on the frozen fruit trees of Qixia, Penglai, Zhaoyuan, Laiyang, Haiyang, and Fuping cities and districts, the severity of frost damage is related to the site conditions and the topography of the orchard. Because of the large heat capacity of water, the large amount of heat absorbed during the day is released at night, which can reduce the impact of sudden changes in temperature. Therefore, the frost damage of fruit trees around water sources within a range of about 10 km along the coast is lighter, followed by the tops of the mountains and the air with large gas flows and frequent gas exchanges. Orchards with high ground and low altitude suffer less. The worst victims are flat lands, dry riverbeds, and low-lying lands. The reason is that cold air condenses in low-lying areas. In the survey, it was found that in the freeze-yielding wafers, there was a very high rate of fruit in the pool of water and the branches above the drug pool, which had little effect on the yield. In the same orchard, the weaker wafers are more severe than the stronger ones. The beach orchards suffer heavy losses, and the orchards in the clay fields suffer relatively less.

Second, the relationship between tree line and freezing injury

Apples, pears, apricots, and other fruit trees, the lower part of the canopy, the upper light. The results of investigations in Qixia, Penglai, Longkou, and Zhaoyuan show that the severely frozen fruits and fruits are mainly concentrated 1.6m below the ground, and basically not frozen above 2m. Peach trees naturally suffer from severe freezing injury, and spindle-shaped injuries are lighter. The young and middle young fruit of peach trees suffered serious frost damage. The young fruit in the upper part of the peach tree suffered less freezing injury. The young fruit in the mature peach tree and the young fruit in the lower part suffered less freezing injury. The young fruit in the upper part of the tree suffered severe freezing injury.

Third, management measures and frost damage

Through a large-scale experimental survey, it was found that the orchards under the same site conditions have different levels of damage due to different management levels, different damage levels, and different tree vigor. After using "Tianda-2116", the first is the performance of anti-freezing and cold-proofing, and the freezing buds have a high germination rate, which has obvious anti-freezing and cold-proof effects. Second, the rate of fruit set is high, and the set fruit is uniform and neat, the fruit handle is long and the ear length is longer, which is one-third larger than that of the fruit stem without spraying. The survey found that years ago, when the frozen water was poured and the water before spring was watered, the soil with a relatively high soil humidity suffered less damage. The unsealed frozen water and the water before the flower were damaged.

Fourth, the remedial measures after frost damage of fruit trees

In order to minimize the damage caused by frost on fruit tree production, combined with the specific situation of different fruit trees in disasters, a series of targeted preventive remedial measures are proposed:

1. Use technology to avoid freezing damage. Freezing damage to plants is mainly to destroy the membrane structure in the cells on the one hand, and on the other hand to cause metabolic disorders due to the destruction of the membrane. Since the concentration of aqueous solutions in the intercellular spaces is lower than that of the cytosol, extravasation of intracellular water occurs. After spraying “Tianda-2116”, it can effectively reduce the exudation of the cytoplasm and maintain the moisture, which can protect the cells. Even if frost damage occurs, the membrane system of the cell can be repaired in time so that the purpose of preventing freezing injury can be achieved. Practice has proved that the state "863 Plan" to promote the product "Tianda-2116" plant cell membrane stabilizer can effectively resist the damage of freezing and other adverse factors. Applying "Tianda-2116" to dry can better promote the growth of victim fruit trees and reduce the damage caused by freezing damage. In addition, the use of science and technology at the same time, we must first choose the address of the construction site, generally low-lying, closed valley is easy to accumulate cold air, prone to frost damage; and in the hills, sunny slopes and reservoirs around the trees, air circulation, low risk of frost damage.

2, irrigation. Irrigation or sprinkling at the beginning of spring can significantly reduce the temperature of the soil and delay germination. After germination, it can be re-irrigated 1 to 2 times before flowering. Generally, it can delay flowering for 2 to 3 days. In addition, irrigation or sprinkling before frost damage can increase the temperature of the ground and the temperature of the trees, which can prevent and reduce the damage caused by freezing.

3, white. Early spring tree whitening can effectively prevent sunburn, can delay the budding and flowering for 3 to 5 days, whitening can not only prevent freezing, but also can effectively prevent diseases and insect pests. (Formulation: 10 parts of quicklime, 1-2 portions of salt, 35-40 pieces of flour). Using the above two measures can delay the flowering period by 5 to 7 days. After all, the ability of flowers and buds to resist freezing injury is obviously stronger than young fruit.

4, strengthen management, strong tree potential. Frost has caused young fruit, shoots, and leaves of fruit trees to be damaged in varying degrees. To restore the tree vigor as soon as possible, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened to supplement the nutrient of the tree, increase the cell fluid concentration of the fruit, and increase the drought resistance of the tree vigor. And resistance to disease, after flowering, multiple fertilizers, top-dressing fruit tree special fertilizers and other compound fertilizers, combined with spraying “Tianda-2116”, spraying 600 times “Tianda-2116” every seven days to repair and remedial, Spray twice to restore tree vigor, increase fruit setting rate and fruit weight, and ensure that the disaster year has a good harvest. In particular, do a good job spraying fertilizer. Fertilizers should be selected from high-quality liquid fertilizers such as 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.3 to 0.5 urea.

5, pharmaceutical protection. After the tree is frozen, the tree vigor is weak, and the disease resistance is reduced, which can easily cause pests and diseases. To promptly spray thiophanate-methyl, Polaroid, Triadimefon or carbendazim, etc. to prevent powdery mildew, spotted leaf disease and other pathogens and pest damage. It may also be sprayed on the same day in the afternoon or evening on the day of frost damage. Such as "Tianda-2116", it contains a large number of molecular chain active substances. After spraying, a layer of molecular film is formed on the surface of the tree. Many trace elements inside can increase the concentration of cytoplasm and can effectively activate the body of the crop. Chitin enzymes and proteases greatly increase the content of amino acids and chitin, increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes, lower the freezing point of cells, and enable normal growth at low temperatures.

6, reasonable trim retraction. For the branches, leaves, and fruits of all trees and varieties, do not rush to prune or remove them in the short term. Use methods of late fruit thinning and multiple fruit retention. Keep undamaged or lightly damaged fruits to ensure multiple results and fruitful results. Loss caused by frost. At the same time, the tree should be pulled to open angles, control the vegetative growth, let it recover naturally. In the middle of May, the branches damaged by frost and unrecoverable should be promptly cut off or retracted to a robust site to promote re-emergence of the shoots; the frozen shoots should be wiped off to promote the occurrence of hidden buds and make up for the lack of yield. The discarded old and bad varieties of gardens may adopt spring hard-branching grafting or green-branching grafting methods to change the famous and quality varieties. To do a good job in the pruning of the orchard growing season, regulate nutrient distribution, ensure the fruit growth and flower bud formation needs.

7, smoke. Smoke is a commonly used method for farmers to deal with freezing injury. The effect of prevention depends on the quality of the raw tobacco, and the high quality orchard temperature is around 2°C. The number of tobacco plants is at least 5 to 6 piles per acre, evenly distributed in all directions. The grass pile is 1.5 meters high and the bottom diameter is 1.5~1.7 meters. When the grass is piled in, a few rough wood rollers are inserted in a straight line and obliquely inserted. The flammables are placed inside the haystack from the hole. The outside of the haystack is covered with a layer of wet grass or wet mud. This way the amount of smoke is sufficient and lasts long. Smoke can be used as straw, weeds, fallen leaves, etc., which can produce a lot of smoke flammable materials. Smoke smoke has a certain effect on slight freezing damage above -2°C. If it is lower than -2°C, the control effect is not obvious.

Nowadays, in some places, the environment is seriously damaged and various natural disasters occur frequently. Therefore, the fruit growers cannot take it lightly, plan on rainy days, watch the weather forecast every day, and make emergency measures in advance. To say a thousand and ten thousand, the ability of a tree to resist freezing injury is naturally strong, just as a person with a strong body resists freezing, and a weak person is afraid of cold. However, if the temperature is really low, the above method will not work as well.

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