After the warm winter vegetables pay attention to what?
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How to manage cucumbers and tomatoes after warm winter?
A: This winter is the warmest winter in the past 20 years. Winter warming should be a good thing for the cultivation of cultivated land, but some cucumber and tomato growing areas are not very good. The cucumber leaves are too large, the stems are long, the angle of the petiole is less than 30 degrees, the code is thin, and the melons are long. The tumors moved downwards; the tomato fruit grew slowly, unevenly colored, and the leaves were hypertrophied. Small leaves appeared on the main veins of tomato leaves in individual winter greenhouses. The main reason for the above-mentioned performance is the uncoordinated temperature. The management of the warm winter is still managed by the method of cold winter. The light is good and the temperature is high. It is not appropriate to reduce the protection facilities (grass or rain film), but it is passive. The management, the late shutoff (indoors dropped to 20°C), the evening weeds (the temperature dropped to 16°C), and after putting the grass we covered the rainproof membrane, the temperature did not drop, and the temperature in the morning was still 15 °C or so. Such management is contrary to the normal activities of plant physiology, affecting the normal operation of plant nutrients, so that the photosynthetic nutrients of the plant during the day can not be transported to the growing points, roots and fruits of the crop. Therefore, the above phenomenon of leggy was formed, and high quality and high quality were not obtained in the warm winter.
In the warm winter or early spring, the management of the light and temperature of the winter shed should be 6-8 hours of light every day. In sunny days, the indoor temperature should be kept at about 10°C. When the sun shines on the shed, it must be uncovered. The indoor temperature dropped by 1°C in a short period of time and soon recovered. It was proved that it was the most appropriate to remove the grasshopper at this time; if the grasshopper was uncovered and dropped by 1.5°C to 2°C in a short period of time, the grass would be uncovered. It is too late; if the temperature of the grasshopper is not lowered, but the temperature rises linearly, it means that it is too late to open the grass. When the temperature rises to 24°C, open 8 to 10 cm vents on the roof, conduct a short period of 15 to 20 minutes of ventilation (supplemental CO2), and close the vents immediately at a temperature of 1°C to 2°C until 11 noon. Left and right, the indoor temperature rose to 28 °C ~ 30 °C for secondary ventilation. When the temperature drops to 25°C in the afternoon, the air vent is closed. At this time, there is a temperature rise of 1°C～2°C, which can effectively increase the storage temperature of the ground temperature. At the same time, the air outlet delays the temperature drop, and the grasshopper can be put in late. time). The time for haystacks is to reduce the temperature in the greenhouse to 20°C. After the weather warms up, the temperature generally rises by 1°C to 2°C. However, at nighttime from 23 to 24 hours, the temperature in the greenhouse drops to 15°C, that is, from The temperature from 21°C to 15°C in the evening to late in the evening is the process of the plant's photosynthesis of carbohydrates to the roots, growing points and fruits of the crops in the course of one day; the temperature drops from 15°C to 10°C in the middle of the night, leaving the crops in Half dormancy reduces nutrient consumption. If this law is violated, the crop cannot grow and grow, but it becomes a phenomenon of leggy.
Second, how to adjust the greenhouse cover, it is more conducive to crop growth and development?
A: The number of farmers using roller shutters in the winter sheds is increasing, and the coverage or increase or decrease of grasshoppers is not easy to adjust with fewer people. This brings certain difficulties to the management of early winter and winter sheds. . According to the change of open air temperature, proper opening and closing of ventilation openings, covering of grasshoppers and rain-proof membranes are the key to regulating crop growth and development. When the open air temperature is higher than 0°C in the morning, do not cover the rainproof film; if the lowest temperature in the open air is 3°C～5°C, close the air outlet in the afternoon at 25°C, and drop it to 20°C in the evening shed to lay the grass in the roof. Then open the 8 ~ 10cm vents, so that the room temperature has a slow decline in the process, and maintain the morning room temperature at about 10 °C. The use of rain film should be controlled flexibly. When the weather is about minus 5°C in sunny days, the rainproof film should cover the front cover (front edge of the shed) tightly to prevent the cold air from entering. If it rains (the weather is not cold), the rainproof film shall cover the top cover. Grasshopper. If cloudy weather, or light rain, light snow, or foggy weather, must be removed in time, it may be appropriate to cover it as soon as possible, or it may be possible to put rainproof membranes on the sheds after they are uncovered and protect the grasses. In addition, it can prevent the temperature in the booth from falling, and it can see the scattered light, which has a multi-purpose effect.
Third, how does vegetables prevent late spring after the warm winter?
Answer: Due to the warming of climate in recent years, there are relatively few protection facilities in protected cultivation. For unusual climates, preparation work is often not done well enough. In the face of sudden cold weather, it often causes heavy losses. In the winter this year, the temperature is higher than in previous years. It is more important to pay attention to the fact that we should pay more attention to the fact that we should strengthen prevention and improve the resistance of crops. First of all, we must make preparations for cold protection ahead of schedule according to changes in the season. Films, grasshoppers, etc. should be prepared in advance. The second is to improve the crop's own resistance, cold resistance, disease resistance and so on. If the early spring crops should be based on different protection facilities, for simple solar greenhouses, or large-arched sheds, which are generally planted at the beginning of February, although they have already reached the “start of spring†climate, the ground temperature starts to rise, but the temperature is unstable. The temperature of the southerly winds rises higher and a strong northerly wind is coming. Seedlings should be cultivated at low temperature before colonization. Solanaceous fruit should be controlled at 22°C to 26°C during the sunny day and 5 to 7 days before planting. It should be reduced to 8°C to 12°C at night and the temperature should be higher in the middle of the night. In cloudy days, the temperature during the day is low and the temperature in the evening is appropriate. To maintain a temperature difference of 10°C to 15°C, the 10cm temperature should not be lower than 12°C. The low-temperature hardening seedlings should not be kept within a certain temperature range. It is more appropriate to alternate the high temperature and low temperature in a suitable temperature range to facilitate the hardening of the seedlings and improve the cold resistance. Taking cucumber as an example, the frozen seedlings that have been exercised have a freezing temperature of -2 to 0°C. Without exercising, sudden cooling to 2°C to 3°C will cause freezing and 3°C to 5°C will cause chilling damage. Seedlings that exercise do not have problems in a short period of 5°C to 7°C. The third pair of sudden low temperature cold weather can be sprayed with Yunda 120 (brass lactone 0.04%) + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or spray rejuvenation +3% sugar water, or a small amount of water (It is carried out on a sunny day) It has a significant effect on improving the cold resistance of seedlings. The fourth can be warmed the night before the arrival of the cold, or it can be lit on the wind. However, to prevent sulfur monoxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, it is best to use firewood. Do not use coal, briquettes, honeycomb, etc. to warm it. If the smoke concentration is too high, proper ventilation should be performed, or open grasshoppers in the morning for short-term ventilation, which is conducive to the growth of crops.
Fourth, winter and spring vegetables how to fertilize more reasonable?
A: The cultivation time of this vegetable crop is from late January to the end of February. It is cultivated in multi-layered protective facilities. It is very important for rational fertilization. Many greenhouses are unscientific due to fertilization and die after planting. The phenomenon of seedlings, rotten seedlings, and fluffy seedlings, from the time of planting and easing seedlings to the results of the early dead seedlings. The reason is that if organic manure such as chicken manure, pig manure, or dry manure is used, the fertilizer is not sufficiently fermented and matured, and the planting of the crop is not performed within a few days after the application of the fertilizer, and the water is slowly poured to increase the heat preservation process. In the process, these uncontaminated fertilizers are decomposed by microorganisms to complete fermentation and decompose, absorb the water in the soil, and release ammonia gas, which causes the newly planted seedlings to be harmed by fertilizers. The first is the fumigation seedlings and the second is the burning seedlings. Cause stem base rot and root rot after colonization. The disease is controlled through irrigation, but the effect is not ideal.
To reduce the application of organic fertilizer, 10 to 15 days before planting, commercial organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer can be applied to the soil (organic fertilizer: compound fertilizer 3:1), and the mixture can be ploughed together to form a ridge and cover. To protect the facilities and raise the ground temperature, early exposing early cover grass, when the 10cm ground temperature reaches 12°C or more, the organic fertilizer has been fully fermented, and it is possible to select the sunny morning after the cold to be planted and apply the biological bacterial fertilizer in the planting ditch or hole. For old sheds planted for more than three years, it is possible to apply bio-organic fertilizers that are resistant to heavy bio-organic fertilizers, or to apply microelements supplemented with Xinchangnong multi-element mineral fertilizers at 25 to 40?/667? to reduce the weight barriers, suppress nematode damage, and promote rooting. , Reduce dead trees, improve the resistance of the crop has a significant effect. If it is grown in a large shed, it can be applied to the soil without sufficient decomposing organic fertilizer before entering the winter freezing season. Warming facilities such as greenhouses and membranes can be covered 15 to 20 days before planting, and applied 5 to 7 days before planting. ? Compound fertilizer, Xinchang agrochemical fertilizer, or bio-organic fertilizer with heavy aphid applied in the cultivation ditch or inside the hole during planting, can significantly reduce dead tree phenomenon.
For the greenhouse cultivation of two crops, but not too long for the free time of the greenhouse, large shed, it is recommended not to apply farmyard manure when cultivated in winter and spring gargle, available organic fertilizer for every 667 to 300 ~ 400?, compound fertilizer ( Nitrogen: Phosphorus: Potassium 15-15-15) 50 to 70?, Mixing tiller and cultivating. When using cultivating ridges, use Xinchangnong multi-element mineral fertilizer 25?, Anti-grass biological fungus fertilizer 20?, Apply in the ditch Or in the cultivation hole and the soil is fully mixed, after the cultivation to reduce dead trees, rot root has a good effect.
Fifth, how to plant seedlings in winter and spring?
Answer: The various melon and fruit vegetables cultivated in winter and spring often have weak light when they are planted, and the ground temperature is low. After the planting, the seedlings are slowly slowed. In advance, the shed film is added to increase the temperature of the grasshopper, and at the same time, the opaque cover can be uncovered. Early cover, that is, when the outside temperature has risen, the grasshopper is lifted, ventilation is performed for a short time when the room temperature in the afternoon shed exceeds 30° C., and the opaque cover is covered at 2 to 3 o'clock in the afternoon in order to improve Geothermal. When the 10 cm ground temperature is stabilized at 12°C or higher, it is preferable to start cultivation at 16°C or higher. At the same time, it depends on the weather forecast. After the cold has been selected, it will be planted on sunny days. It is best to use small water or dark water when planting. It depends on the weather forecast. After the cold weather has been selected, it will be planted in sunny days. When planting, it is best to use small water or dark water. The specific operation is to pour small water in the ditch. When the water does not completely infiltrate, put the seedlings into the cultivation ditch according to the plant spacing. After waiting for the water to completely infiltrate, bury the soil in the root base of the seedlings and cover the soil with the original seedling soil. Just cover, do not buried too deep to prevent slow seedling slow. If the weather is foggy or cloudy when planting, you can also pour burrowing water when you plant seedlings, or ditch the seedlings into trenches without guttering, and keep the ground temperature at 2 to 3 days above 15°C. Select sunny days at noon. When it is high, seal the hole (cover groove), after 3 to 5 days, grow a new leaf and then pour a small amount of water to meet the normal growth and development of the crop. Spray it once before watering to prevent dead trees. To reduce the occurrence of epidemics, spray medicine must be sprayed on the front and back of the seedling blade and the base of the seedlings on the ground, spraying strict spray. Raise the temperature in the shed on the day or the next day after watering. In the morning, when the temperature rises to 23°C, conduct a short time of ventilation for 10 to 15 minutes. Close the vent to increase the temperature. When the temperature rises to 32°C, ventilate again. Sometimes it is When the cloudy weather temperature rises to less than 30°C, the ventilation can only be performed at noon for a short period of time. In the afternoon, when the temperature is lowered to 24°C, another ventilation is performed. The purpose is to remove humidity and increase the indoor CO2 concentration to meet the needs of crops. Normal growth.