Anxiety and depression caused by long-term stress may have medicine
Anxiety and depression caused by long-term stress may have medicine June 07, 2016 Source: Bio Valley It is well known that long-term stress can lead to anxiety and depression. Researchers at Rockefeller University in New York have revealed changes in brain structure caused by long-term stress and the causes of these symptoms, and there may be ways to prevent these symptoms. According to a 2015 survey by the American Psychological Association, approximately 75% of Americans have stated that they have experienced at least one stress-induced symptom such as irritability, anxiety, fatigue and depression in the past month. Previous studies have shown that stress may affect the hippocampus (the brain area responsible for memory and emotions), causing anxiety and depression. But there is little research to investigate how stress affects the amygdala, which is the brain area involved in the regulation of fear and anxiety. Therefore, the team decided to study the relationship between the two, they are concerned about how long-term stress affects the amygdala of mice. Their findings are published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry. Stress can damage communication between nerve cells in the central region of the amygdala In order to put long-term stress on mice, the researchers regularly restricted mice to a small space for up to 21 days. At the end of the circle, they analyzed the behavior of mice, especially mice. Whether to show some anxiety and depression related behaviors, such as avoiding communication with other mice. In addition, the researchers also analyzed the neurons in the central and basal areas of the mouse amygdala. They found that the nerve branches in the basal area became longer and more complicated due to long-term stress. This is a positive signal. , indicating the plasticity and adaptability of neurons. But the central area of ​​the nerve cells is just the opposite. The central nerve cell branch is very important for communication between neurons in other areas of the brain, but after the mice have experienced long-term stress, these branches are shortened. According to the researchers, this change can cause damage to the brain, reduce the resilience to the new environment, and cause anxiety and depression. But it's not all bad news. It's good to know that researchers have found ways to prevent this bad change from happening. Acetyl L-carnitine can inhibit the atrophy of nerve branches The researchers also repeated a 21-day lap trial in another group of mice, but this time, before the end of the experiment, they injected a portion of the mice with acetyl L-carnitine. Acetyl L-carnitine is a small molecule naturally formed in humans and mice and has recently been tested for its utility as an antidepressant. The study found that the probability of depression in mice taking acetyl-L-carnitine was significantly reduced, and the nerve branch in the central region of the amygdala of mice taking acetyl-L-carnitine was significantly prolonged compared with untreated mice. After the end, social behavior is also significantly more active. Their findings suggest that acetyl L-carnitine may reduce some of the damage that the brain causes to the brain. In addition, the study included mice that were prone to anxiety and depression, compared to those who were more sensitive to stress, and found that after taking acetyl L-carnitine, the symptoms were alleviated, which meant the small Molecules may relieve stress-induced brain damage in high-risk groups of anxiety and depression. Next, the team intends to explore whether there is a difference in the level of acetyl-L-carnitine between people with depression and normal people to further determine the function of the small molecule.
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